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- 2019-01-24 发布于浙江
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动词;一.动词和动词短语;;2.连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语, 说明主语的状态、性质、特征和身份。
1)表状态的系动词:be, stay, keep, remain, stand(处于某种状态),如:
He always keeps silent at meeting.
2)表感官、表象:look, feel,, seem, sound, taste, smell,appear(显得,看来), 如:It feels soft.
3)表转变和结果的系动词: get, turn, become, grow,fall, go. 如:
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
3.助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be, do/does/did, have/has/had, shall, will等。
如:
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
;4.情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
初中常见情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等;另外,shall(愿意),will(愿意) should(应该) would(请求,愿意) 在一定场合也可用作情态动词。 如:
**各情态动词讲解
1)can(could)
a.表示能力,could表示过去的能力; I can speak English, but I can’t speak Chinese.
b.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上);He isn’t at home. He can go to the library.
c.表示允许;Can I have a look at your new computer?
d.表惊讶、怀疑。不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句活感叹句; How can you be so careless?
2)May(might)
a.表示允许。Might可用于过去的时间,也可指现在,但语气较may更加委婉
b.表示可能(事实上)。Might可用于过去的时间,也可指现在,但语气较may更加不确定。;3)Must
a.表示义务,“必须”(主观意志)
b.表揣测,“一定”、“准时,必定”,只用于肯定句。Mustn’t 意为“禁止”,回答need 或者may 提问的句子,表达否定意义。
4)Will
a.表意愿,用于各种人称; I will do anything for you.
b.表请求,用于疑问句; Will you close window? It’s a bit cold.
c.表示某种倾向和习惯性动作; Fish will die out of water.
5)Would
a.表意愿;I said I would do anything for you.
b.表委婉的提出请求建议或看法;would you like some drinks?
c.表过去反复发生的动作或者一种倾向; Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
;;;***4)need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定和疑问句。用作实义动词时,用于各种句式。用作情态动词:
Need I come? Yes, you must come.
You needn’t telephone him now. She dare not go out alone at night.
None of them dared mention this.
用作实义动词:
You don’t need to do it yourself. We need to tell them the news.
The table needs painting/to be painted. We should dare to give our own opinions.
5)shall 与should的用法,shall 常用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中,表示请求。对shall I...做肯定回:Yes, pl
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