文化跨界中主体的建立崩解《来自北美农夫的信》中美洲自我与欧洲他.PDFVIP

文化跨界中主體的建立/崩解： 《來自北美農夫的信》中美洲自我與歐洲他者的交錯 中興大學外文系周淑娟 格里夫各（J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur ）所著《來自北美農夫的信》（Letters from an American Farmer ）之第三封信〈何為北美人？〉（“What Is an American?” ）中 關於北美殖民社會民主自由的生活面貌之描述，是美國眾所皆知的篇章。然而多 數人未注意的是，此書其實是部相當複雜的文化翻譯文本。出生歐洲貴族家庭的 格里夫各，兒時受法國耶穌會養成教育，成年後移居英國，最後輾轉落腳北美荒 野。《來自北美農夫的信》表面以書信體寫成，實則為個人旅行札記，紀錄作者 遍遊北美歐洲白人與原住民社會的風土人情；此書寫充分展現一個跨多層文化主 體進行翻譯行為時的特點與難題。透過民族誌書寫，作者嘗試吸納北美文化來建 立並鞏固自己生命新階段的在地身份認同，以資與英國甚至歐洲舊世界有所區 隔。然而格里夫各在詮釋所見所聞時卻屢屢遭遇無法馴化卻又難以排除的異質元 素，使得其敘述顛簸不平，觀點前後不一。格里夫各如此表現與其「歐洲皮膚， 北美面具」的混種身分密切相關。本論文將從後殖民與拉岡主體學說出發，結合 翻譯理論，分析格里夫各之文化翻譯行為如何顯現其建構中之北美身分認同與其 舊有之歐洲主體彼此對話、交錯、拉扯的過程，以及此新主體如何在美國獨立前 夕崩解。 關鍵詞 文化翻譯；個人旅行札記；跨多層文化主體；民族誌；在地身份認同；後殖民； 拉岡主體 81 The Construction/Collapse of Cross-Culture Subjectivity: On the Intersection of the American Self with the European Other in Letters from an American Farmer Chou Shu-chuan Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Chung-Hising University The applause of freedom and egalitarianism in “What is an American” of J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer is a glorious page in American history. Yet what most people are unaware of is the book’s complexity as a text of cultural translation. Born of an aristocratic French family, Crèvecoeur received the Jesuit education when he was a child. After he grew up, he was sent to Britain. Then, he migrated to North America and has left his foot prints in various parts of the wilderness. Written in epistolary form, Letters from an American Farmer is actually a personal travel journal which records its author’s observations of colonial societies. Through ethnographical writing, the author attempts to subsume North-American cultural components for building up a nativis