第7章_成本分析.pdf

成本分析 第7章 1 成本的经济分析 7.1 2 短期 • The short run: The period in which firms can adjust production only by changing variable factors such as materials and labor but cannot change fixed factors such as capital. 3 固定成本 • The cost related to fixed factors is called fixed cost (固定成本，不变成本). • A firm’s fixed costs, sometimes called “overhead” (企业一般管理费用) or “sunk costs” (沉入成本), must be paid even if the firm produces no output, and they will not change if output changes. 4 变动成本 • The cost related to variable factors is called variable cost (变动成本，可变成 本). • Variable costs are those which vary as output changes. By definition, VC begins at zero when q is zero. 5 总成本是可达到的最小成本 • Total cost represents the lowest total dollar expense needed to produce each level of output q. • 说明：与生产函数的处理类似，总成本 也是指给定产量时的最小成本，目的是 为了让函数关系具有唯一性。 6 Fixed cost Total in short run: cost + Variable cost in long run: Total =