天山北坡退化山地草甸土壤的主要理化性质分析.docxVIP

天山北坡退化山地草甸土壤的主要理化性质分析 　　摘要：草地过度利用造成植被退化，土壤理化性质恶化。本研究以天山北坡退化山地草甸为研究对象，分析草地退化对土壤性质的影响，为评价草地土壤退化提供理论参考。以封育草地为对照，对比放牧草地机械组成、含水量及有机碳含量的差异。结果表明，草甸土壤机械组成中粉粒含量较高，达到70%以上，而且草地退化对土壤机械组成影响不大，仅在15～35 cm土层粉粒含量有显著降低。退化草甸土壤表层有机碳、土壤含水量显著降低。草甸土壤粉粒、砂粒含量与土壤有机碳、含水量极显著相关。因子分析表明在土壤含水量较高的山地草甸，影响土壤性质稳定性的主要因素为土壤机械组成。　　关键词：山地草甸；退化；土壤机械组成；有机碳；土壤稳定性　　中图分类号：S158文献标识号：A文章编号：1001--0076-05　　Abstract The overuse of grasslands causes vegetation degradation and deterioration of physical and chemical properties of soil. In this study， the effect of grassland degradation on soil properties of the degraded meadow were researched in the north slope of Tianshan Mountains to provide theoretical references for evaluating grassland soil degradation. With the enclosed grassland as control， the soil mechanical composition， moisture content and organic carbon content in degraded meadow soil were studied. The results showed that the silt content was higher in soil mechanical composition， which reached more than 70%. Grassland degradation had little effects on soil mechanical composition， and only in 15～35 cm soil layer， the silt content was decreased significantly . The organic carbon and water content of degraded grassland soil were reduced significantly in 0～25 cm layer. The contents of silt and sand in meadow soil were significantly correlated with the soil organic carbon and water content . The factor analysis results indicated that the main factor affecting the stability of soil properties was soil mechanical composition in mountain meadow with higher water content.　　Keywords Mountain meadow； Degradation； Soil mechanical composition； Organic carbon； Soil stability　　土壤是草地生?B系统的组成部分，草地植被与土壤之间进行着物质与能量的循环，如果长期无管理的超载放牧必然造成系统物质输入和输出的不平衡，最终导致草地生态系统退化，特别是在相对脆弱的干旱和半干旱生态区[1]。相关研究表明，草地退化导致土壤的渗透性降低，含水量下降，有机质含量降低，土壤的团粒结构减少[2]；土壤中细土粒减少，氮素的衰减明显，从而导致土壤稳定性降低[3]。有研究认为，在维持草地生态系统稳定性方面，土壤机械组成与植被根系的影响更深刻[4]。土壤的机械组成决定着土壤理化特性及生物学特性[5]，土壤中养分丰缺与土壤颗粒吸附能力大小有关，利用土壤的颗粒组成可以估测土壤有机碳的含量[6]。也有研究认为，退化草地土壤有机质与土壤全氮有线性相关性，与机械组成没有显著关系[7]，有