干旱胁迫下不同倍体小麦株型演化与生态适应性研究生物学生态学专业论文.docxVIP

兰州大学硕二}：学位论文 兰州大学硕二}：学位论文 干旱胁迫下不同倍体小麦株型演化与生态适应性研究 ．19．09％之间，而野生近缘种则处于．32．9l％和．12．34％(二倍体)与．26．05％和 ．53．47％(四倍体)之间。干旱胁迫下小麦株高随着小麦倍体的增加而增加，从二倍 体到四倍体的株高的增加是对自然选择的适应性进化，而从四倍体到六倍体的株 高增加则主要是以产量为目标的人工选择的结果。 4．基茎横截面积与籽粒产量具有高度的关联性。无论是干旱胁迫组还是充分 供水组，小麦植株分蘖数与产量的关联度均为最低，而株高与产量的关联度均较 高，推测旱地小麦在从二倍体到六倍体的进化过程中朝向“低分蘖、高株型”的方向 演变。三种主要光合叶片(旗叶、倒2叶和倒3叶)的“生物量”与产量的关联度均大 于“叶位高度”的关联度，表明叶片的“质量效应”大于其“”空间着生效应。基茎横截 面积在充分供水组中与产量的关联度最高，而在干旱胁迫组中则排倒数第二，表 明该性状可能是干旱胁迫下产量形成的敏感指标，是作物产量形成的物质及结构 基础。 5．小麦植株各组件间的异速生长关系比较。除极个别品种外，不同倍体小麦 籽粒产量与地上生物量，叶片重量与地上生物量，分蘖数与地上生物量均存在异 速生长关系，这种异速生长关系可采用模型方程Y=a+bx表示。充分供水条件下 二倍体籽粒重量与地上生物量异速生长现象较干旱条件不不明显，六倍体则相反； 充分供水条件下二四六倍体叶片重量与地上部分生物量的异速生长现象明显；二 倍体品种的分蘖数与地上生物量在充分供水异速生长现象明显，其余各品种均不 明显，趋于协调趋势。 关键词：干旱胁迫，小麦株型，基茎横截面积，产量形成，演化 兰州大学硕：匕学位论文 兰州大学硕：匕学位论文 干旱胁迫下不同倍体小麦株型演化与生态适应性研究 Abstract Pot—culture and water-control experiments were conducted to determine the changes in plant type and yield formation using six wheat varieties with evolutionally genetic relationship as experimental materials including four wild relatives(Diploid wheat M01 and M04，Tetraploid wheat DM22 and DM3 1)，and two hexaploid wheat including old hexaploid Monkhead and modem hexaploid Longchun 8275 which was released in 1 998 under the conditions of rain shelter．By analysing the plant type evolution and its relationship with yield formation in different-ploidy wheats under drought stress and sufficient water supply．A few major conclusions were made as follows： 1．The data indicated that the leaf angle against stem，the leaf opening angle,the leaf camber and the leaf area tended to increase with the multiplication of chromosome sets，while the length-to-width ratio of leaf was found to decrease．This trend was more distinct under well watered condition．The yield per pot and the yield stability were increased along with the evolvement of wheat varieties．The results showed that dryland wheat Was developed to avoid intraspec