tig焊旋转电弧焊缝跟踪分析机械电子工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘 摘要 摘 要 本文设计了一套完整的TIG焊旋转电弧焊缝跟踪系统，研究了系统的硬件 和软件、信号滤波和焊缝偏差识别方法，设计了控制器，分析了实验结果并得 出结论，为能成功地实现TIG焊焊缝跟踪打下了基础。 硬件系统由焊接部分、信号采集部分和控制部分组成，设计制作了送丝机 构中的送丝弯管、导嘴、安装机构，试安装结果表明，结构合理，可以用于送 丝。设计制作了十字滑块电机驱动电路板，光耦输出信号整形电路板和低通滤 波电路板，并对各电路板进行了单独测试和整体测试，结果表明，三块电路板 性能可靠，能满足十字滑块的动作要求和信号的采集。 针对焊接过程中系统会受到高频干扰而不能正常工作的问题，本文采用正 交多项式为基函数的最小二乘法对电弧电压信号进行滤波，采用7阶多项式拟 合曲线，仿真和试验结果表明，该方法可以有效滤除干扰信号。为了得到准确 的焊枪偏差信息，研究了焊缝高度方向和横向偏差信息识别的方法。 研究了遗传算法在本系统中的应用，设计了基于遗产算法参数整定位置PID 控制器和焊缝跟踪软件系统。软件分为两大部分：位置式PID控制部分和遗传 算法参数整定位置式PID控制部分，位置式PID焊缝跟踪系统参数由经验渐凑 法整定，结果供确定遗传算法参数整定范围参考，对遗传算法参数整定位置式 PID控制进行仿真，同时完成程序的调试。 最后对试验数据进行了分析，结合试验现象，对系统的改进给出了一些建 议。 关键词：TIG焊；旋转电弧；滤波；遗传算法；PID ABSTRACTABSTRACT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT In this paper,a whole weld tracking system of TIG is designed，based on rotating arc．The hardware and software of the system are studied，as well as the method of processing the welding voltage signals and obtaining the deviations of welding torch． The controller is designed．The experiment results are analyzed and the conclusions ale made．These studys that provide the foundation for the realizing weld seam tracking successfully． The hardware system is made up of the welding part,signal acquisition part and control part．The wire feed elbow,the wire feed mouth and the installation mechanism are designed as required．The trial erection result shows that they have rational construction and Can be used in the wire feeding device．The circuit wafer for driving motors of crosshead shoe，the circuit wafer for regularizing wave of the output sigrlal from light electric coupler and the circuit wafer for low-pass filtering are designed． Every part and the whole are debugged．The results show that three circuit wafers have reliable performance and meet system’S demand． In consideration of the fact that the system will be interfered by high frequency SO as not to work normally,least square method based on 7 degrees orthogonal polynomial is applied to process the welding voltage signals．The simulation and experiment results show that