晒烤杂种优势新材料Y28配套栽培技术研究.docxVIP

晒烤杂种优势新材料Y28配套栽培技术研究 　　摘要：为筛选适合卷烟工业需求的新型烟叶原料，对晒烤杂种优势新材料Y28进行密度与施肥配套栽培技术试验。结果表明，烟株农艺性状以1 300株/ m2+施纯氮5 kg/ m2处理表现较好，烟叶外观质量以1 400株/ m2+施纯氮5 kg/ m2处理表现较好，各处理中部烟叶化学成分协调，均表现出高糖、高钾、低碱特征，两糖比、氮/碱和钾/氯适宜，烟叶感官质量以1 300株/ m2+施纯氮3 kg/ m2处理和1 400株/ m2+施纯氮4 kg/ m2处理表现较好。晒烤杂种优势新材料Y28烟叶品质具有香气质好、香气量较足、杂气轻、香气透发性好、余味的津润回甜、口腔较干净的独特风格特征，符合卷烟工业新型烟叶原料需求。　　关键词：晒烟；烤烟；杂种优势；栽培技术　　中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439--0064-05　　DOI：/　　Abstract： To screen new tobacco material to meet the demand of cigarette industry，the optimum planting density and fertilizing amount of new tobacco material Y28，a hybrid of sun-cured and flue-cured tobacco，was studied in the present study. The results showed that，for agronomic traits of Y28 seedlings，the best density is 1 300 plants combined with 5 kg nitrogen per m2. When 1 400 plants were planted and 5 kg nitrogen were applied per m2，the appearance characteristic and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were better than other treatments with high sugar and potassium content，low-nicotine content，appropriate values for reducing sugar to total sugar ratio，nitrogen/nicotine and potassium/chloride. For flue-cured tobacco leaves sensory quality，two optimum cultivation combinations are 1 300 plants with 3 kg nitrogen and 1 400 plants with 4 kg nitrogen per m2，respectively. Moreover，the heterosis variety of Y28 are with unique characteristics of better smoking aroma quality，enough smoking aroma，less offensive odor， sweet and pure taste， which can meet the increasing demand of cigarette industry for new tobacco raw material.　　Key words： suncured tobacco； flue-cured tobacco； heterosis； cultivation techniques　　?s种优势是两个遗传性不同的亲本杂交所产生的杂种一代在生产力、生长势、生活力、抗逆病性、产量和品质等诸育种目标性状方面优于双亲的现象[1-3]。在烟草杂种优势利用方面，前人已作了较多的研究[4-6]。依靠杂种优势，直接利用晒晾烟与烤烟的杂种F1代，筛选出具有烤烟和晒晾烟双重风格特征的优质新型种质，并深入研究该类型种质在卷烟配方中的使用，同时开展配套栽培技术研究，从而进行示范推广种植，是特色优质烟草新品种选育、推广和生态特色优质烟叶开发的基础[2，3，7]。　　面对全国烟叶总量需求下降明显，卖方市场向买方市场转变加速的烟叶生产新形势[8]，为满足卷烟工业企业特色品牌研究开发的原料需求，由贵州省烟草科学研究院牵头，联合贵州中烟工业有限责任公司及黔南州烟草公司等单位协同攻关，贵州省烟草科学研究院利用晒烟和