生态风险评价理论和方法.pdf

21 2P3 化 学 进 展 Vol. 21 No. 2P3 2009 3 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Mar. , 2009 生态风险评价理论和方法* 雷炳莉 黄圣彪 王子健* * ( 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 环境水质学国家重点实验室 北京100085) 生态 险评价从最初单物种毒性测试数据为基础从急性毒性数据外推获得慢性毒性数据的 简单模型方法, 逐步过渡到以多物种测试为基础和通过微中宇宙生态系统模拟法获取数据建立模型, 以及 以生态毒理模型为基础的生态 险评价方法本文讨论生态 险评价方法的发展过程及不同阶段存在的问 题, 阐述以 个体种群和生态系统为基础的生态 险评价方法的特点和相互之间的区别, 指出生态 险评价 正在从个体走向群落的发展趋势本文同时对 险表征方法数据选择和常用统计方法作了评述, 并对生态 险评价的发展趋势进行了预测 生态 险评价 生态 险评价方法 险表征 : X13; X826 : A : 1005-281X( 2009) 02P3-0350-09 Theories and Methods of Ecological Risk Assessment * * L ei Bingli H uang Shengbiao Wang Zij ian ( State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquati Chemistry, Resear h Center for E o-Environmental S ien es, Chinese A ademy of S ien es, Beijing 100085, China) Abstract E ologi al risk assessment is developed from single-spe ies toxi ity test to multi-spe ies toxi ity test, then to e ologi al risk models. A ordingly, hroni toxi ity data is obtained from different assessment methods ontaining a simple extrapolation model based on single-spe ies toxi ity test, mi ro osm or meso osm based on multi- spe ies test, and e ologi al risk models based on population or e osystem. This paper dis usses the development and hara teristi s of e ologi al risk assessment methods and existing problems at different stages. It points out that the main development treads of the e ologi al risk assessment is from the individual to the ommunity. At the same time, risk hara teristi method