杭州市地表水有机农药的污染现状及风险-环境科学专业论文.docxVIP

⑧ ⑧ 浙江大学硕士学位论文 摘要 本文在评述国内外地表水有机农药污染现状、农药的多介质环境化学行为、健康 风险的基础上，研究了杭州市地表水有机农药的污染现状及健康风险；基本搞清了杭 州市饮用水原水、西湖、运河等地表水有机氯和有机磷农药的污染现状，探索了常规 给水处理工艺对微量有机污染物的去除效果，初步评价了有机农药的健康风险，提出 了地表水有机农药污染的防治措施和安全饮用水的保障技术。 研究表明，杭州市钱塘江、东苕溪、西湖、运河等地表水普遍存在有机农药的污 染，其中DDT、六六六的总浓度分别为0-4)．270Hg／L、0—0．0062599／L，DDT基本以代 谢产物DDE的形式存在； 检出的有机磷农药较多，其中以对硫磷为主，浓度为 O～0．445 I_teCL。钱塘江和东苕溪有机氯农药含量在丰水期较枯水期高，而有机磷农药含 量在枯水期较高；运河水有机农药含量在枯水期较高。常规给水处理工艺不能有效去 除痕量有机农药等污染物。当前地表水有机农药污染的风险主要由有机磷农药所致。 关键词：地表水，有机农药，污染现状，风险评价 ⑧ ⑧ 浙江大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT Advances in research On pollution of organo-pesticides(OPs)in surface water,their environmental behaviors and health risks are reviewed．Pollution survey and risk assessements of organo—chlorine pesticides(OCPs)and organo-phosphorus pesticides(OPPs) in surface water of Hangzhou are conducted．It WaS indicated that the contamination of the OCPs exists in SUrface Water although they had been banned for decades．Total concenUations of dichloro—diphenyl—trichloroethane(DDT)and hexachforide—benzene(BHC) in surface water were observed to be肛O．27099／L and 0-0．006251ag，L，respectively．DDE， as a metabolite of DDT and many species of OPPs were determined in some samples of surface water．Parathion，the main pollutant of OPPs in surface water of Hangzhou，was observed to be 0-4)．445 pg／L．In the drinking water resources of Hangzhou(Qiantang Liver and East Tiao Stream)，concentrations of OCPs are higher during plentiful water time while OPPs ale higher during low water time．In Yun Liver，however，OCPs and OPPs are both higher during low water time than those during plentiful time．It was also observed that microamount of organic pollutants such as OCPs and OPPs in drinking water can not be removed efficiently by traditional treatment technologies．Therefom，it is vital and necessary to develop deep treatment technologies for the drinking water． Keywords：surface water,organo pesticides，pollution，risk assessment 4 ⑧ ⑧ 浙江大学硕士学位论文 第一部分地表水中有机农药污染的研究现状 1．有机农药及其研究现状 1．1有机农药简介 农药(pesticides)包括各种杀虫剂(inse