虚拟语气-华南师范大学.PPTVIP

华南师范大学外国语言文化学院 谢鑫婷 李美慧 制作 虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。 虚拟语气 If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如果没有发现透视法,人们就不能画出如此逼真的画 。 If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 如果我是你的话，我会尽力抓住这次机会。 条件句中的虚拟语气 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。 条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式： ①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 ②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 ③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + did/were, 主语 + would/should/could/might + 动词原形 If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮我们的。 If I had one million dollars, I would travel all over the world. 如果我有一百万美元，我会环游世界。 For example: 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + had done, 主语 + could/would/should/might have done For example: If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she might have got well earlier. 如果她母亲当时遵照医嘱，她可能会早点康复的。 if you had come ten minutes earlier, you would have seen the film actress. 你要是早来10分钟，你就能见到那位电影女明星了。 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主语 + did (were to / should do), 主语+ would/should/could/might do For example: If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她事情的始末。 If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题： (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。 Eg: If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞翔。 （2）有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会是一名工程师了 。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如： If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 ③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。 (3)?当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如： Were she h