分子生物学（杨洋）第七章翻译-2.pptVIP

Molecular biology course Outline Topics 1-4: Four components of translation machinery. T1-mRNA; T2-tRNA; T3-Attachment of amino acids to tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases); T4-ribosome Topic 5-7: Translation process. T5-initiation; T6-elongation; T7-termination. Translation processT5: Initiation of translationT6: Elongation of translationT7: termination of translation  Overview of the events of translation The different structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA results in distinctly different means of translational initiation 5-1 prokaryotic mRNAs are recruited to the small subunit by base pairing to rRNA 5-2 A specialized tRNA charged with modified methionine binds directly to prokaryotic small subunit 5-3 Three initiation factors (IF) direct the assembly of an initiation complex that contains mRNA and initiator tRNA Three binding site for tRNAs Once Scientific question(提出科学问题) How the eukaryotic ribosome recognize the start codon AUG? What is the function of initiator tRNA---Met-tRNAMet in the translation initiation of eukaryotic cell? tRNAiMet functions in directing the scanning ribosome to the start site of translation. Science, Vol 242, Issue 4875, 93-97 Keywords: Translation initiation Ribosome Start codon Scanning model Met-tRNAMet Ribosome binding sites of the prokaryotic type are not present in eukaryotic mRNA Eukaryotic scanning model: The 40S ribosomal subunit in association with initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAMet) and initiation factors binds the 5’-cap of the mRNA migrates in a 5 to 3 direction, “scanning” for a translational start site 尚未解决的科学问题： The precise mechanism by which the scanning ribosome recognizes the first AUG codon has not been discovered What is the role of initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAMet) in the translation initiation process? An anticodon: codon interaction between tRNAMet and the first AUG in the mRNA is important for ribosomal recognition of the translational start site during the scanning process 5-6 Tran