飞灰中戴奥辛类化合物之分布特性研究.DOC

飛灰中戴奧辛類化合物之分佈特性研究 PCDD/Fs Distribution Characteristics 研究生: 曾亦宏 Yi-hon Tseng 指導教授: 林 傑 Chieh Lin [摘要] 台灣地區地狹人稠，廢棄物處理在「焚化為主」的政策下，焚化已成為處理都市垃圾之主流技術。而廢棄物的處理問題勢必由單純焚化爐之操作使用轉變成空氣污染物防制與灰燼處理處置，其中戴奧辛的排放與管制將成為反應爐體操作是否正常的重要依據。因戴奧辛採樣分析困難，其關鍵性生成機制複雜，有效防止戴奧辛的排放除針對排氣管制外，燃燒過程中產生之灰渣亦為一種重要污染源，本研究將比對一般都市廢棄物廢棄物焚化爐與電弧爐煉鋼廠飛灰中戴奧辛濃度與比表面積、氯鹽、粒徑分佈與碳成份的相關聯性，並利用飛灰進行前驅物實驗。由一般都市性廢棄物焚化爐A廠中不同單元所收集之飛灰，PCDD/Fs濃度隨著過熱器、廢熱鍋爐、節熱器至靜電集塵器上升，而PCDD/PCDF濃度分佈也隨著PCDD/PCDFs＜1 漸漸變成PCDD/PCDF＞1。在電弧爐飛灰中電弧爐廠改變其進料(一般廢鋼：汽車廢鋼 = 50：50 )後，飛灰中PCDD/Fs濃度比一般廢剛進料為高。氯鹽與粒徑對於飛灰中戴奧辛濃度有正相關性，隨著粒徑的變小，其PCDD/Fs含量相對的提高，而氯鹽濃度也是如此。以氯苯為前驅物通入已萃取之飛灰中，發現隨著氯源的濃度上升，PCDD/Fs濃度亦增加，而在相同製程中取得之不同總碳比飛灰再經由前驅物實驗後呈現總碳與PCDF的生成有關聯性。本研究藉由各爐體之間的固相比對並導入前驅物實驗，期望能建立戴奧辛類化合物之特性指紋比對，利於將來能更客觀的分析各爐體所排放的戴奧辛含量。 關鍵字: 戴奧辛、一般廢棄物焚化爐、電弧爐、飛灰 【Abstract】 Thermal destruction (i.e. incineration) is one of the most effective processes to treat municipal solid waste (MSW) in view of the volume reduction. However, the secondary pollutions come out from the incinerator is a conflict issue about this state-of-art technology. Formation of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the flue gas and ash from the incineration system was recognized by two major pathways. One is incompletely destruction of the waste resources, the other is reformation by the precursors mechanism and de novo synthesis, respectively. Studies showed that the conditions in the post-combustion region are strongly influencing the formation these products of incomplete combustion (PICs). The favored temperature range and high surface area in the particulate matter play the important roles to increase the concentration of PCDD/Fs. The high removal efficiency of particulate active carbon injection was to apply for most of incineration systems to reduce the heavy metal compounds and PCDD/Fs. The adsorption carbon residue in the fly ash stream is still a controversial issue for the final disposal treatment. The preliminary investigation in this study is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of f