基于CCD的钢球外观检测技术的研究仪器科学与技术专业论文.docxVIP

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - - II - Abstract The quality of steel ball’s surface is very important to use of mechanical bearing, so it is necessary to inspect steel ball’s appearance all around. Because of high price of foreign automatic inspection instrument, manually-inspected is widely used in domestic bearing manufactures, which is liable to injure workers and couldn’t give high accuracy. This paper presents automatic inspection technology of steel ball’s surface which is convenient, cheap, precision and is suitable to every kinds of production line of steel ball. Charge Coupled Devices—CCD is one of photoelectricity sensors which have progressed rapidly. Due to its many unique advantages, it is widely used in industrial inspection, precise measurement, computing image processing, remote sensing, scouting, etc. With the development of producing technology of CCD and widening of application’s scope, it has been one of the most prospective and representative photoelectricity sensors. At first, this paper overviews the development process, application and importance of CCD and introduces and analyzes some ways of inspection. Then, the theory, structure and classification of CCD are described and valued from practical view. So the type of CCD is determined. The following is to analyze and research on special optical condition, lighting system according to requirement in detail. So the optical system is completed. Image processing is illustrated mainly. The choice of algorithm, theory and realization of every step are represented overall which has correcting of nonuniform illumination, histogram equalization, image binarization, opening and labeling, computing area. At last, the measurement system designed is tested and error from experimental condition and parts of system is analyzed. The result of test is agreement with theory, which proves it feasibility. As a result, it represents an automatic measurement technology suitable for ordinary condition for on-