电气工程专业英语课件lecture11-2012.pptxVIP

1 各位老师： 上午好！ Lecture 11 Specialized English for Electrical Engineering 2 Lecture 11 Reading and Translation High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission Part 1 Overview of High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission The year 1954 is generally recognized as the starting date for modern application of High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission when a DC line of a distance of 100 km began service at 100 kV from the mainland of Sweden to the island of Gotland. Since then, there has been a steady increase in the application of HVDC transmission. Operation of DC line began in 1977 to transmit power from a mine-mouth generating plant at Center, North Dakota to near Duluth, Minnesota, a distance of 740 km. Preliminary studies showed that the DC line including terminal facilities 3 Lecture 11 would cost about 30% less than the comparable AC line and auxiliary equipment. This line operates at ±250 kV (500 kV line to line) and transmits 500 MW. DC power can be transmitted in cables over great distances. The capacitance of a cable limits AC power transmission to a few tens of kilometers. Beyond this limit, the reactive power generated by cable capacitance exceeds the rating of the cable itself. Because capacitance does not come into play under steady-state DC conditions, there is theoretically no limit to the distance that power may be carried this way. As a result, power can be transmitted by cable under large bodies of water, where the use of AC cables is unthinkable. Direct current was chosen to transfer power under the English Channel between Great Britain and France. The use of direct current for this 4 Lecture 11 installation also avoided the difficulty of synchronizing the AC systems of the two countries. Furthermore, underground DC cable may be used to deliver power into large urban centers. Unlike overhead lines, underground cable is invisible, free from atmospheric pollution, and solves th