管理者与管理讲义.pptVIP

? 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–* Human Resources Approach 人力资源学派 罗伯特●欧文 Robert Owen Scottish businessman and reformer who advocated for better treatment of workers. Claimed that a concern for employees was profitable for management and would relieve human misery. 雨果●闵斯特伯格 Hugo Munsterberg Created the field of industrial psychology—the scientific study of individuals at work to maximize their productivity and adjustment. Psychology and Industrial Efficiency (1913) ? 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–* Human Resources Approach (cont’d) 玛丽●帕克●福莱特 Mary Parker Follett Recognized that organizations could be viewed from the perspective of individual and group behavior. Believed that individual potential could only be released by group association. 切斯●特巴纳德 Chester Barnard Saw organizations as social systems that require human interaction and cooperation. Expressed his views on the “acceptance of authority” in his book The Functions of the Executive (1938). ? 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–* Hawthorne Studies 霍桑实验 A series of studies done during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into group norms and behaviors Hawthorne effect Social norms or standards of the group are the key determinants of individual work behavior. Changed the prevalent view of the time that people were no different than machines. ? 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–* 人际关系运动 Human Relations Movement Based on a belief in the importance of employee satisfaction—a satisfied worker was believed to be a productive worker. Advocates believed in people’s capabilities and were concerned with making management practices more humane. Dale Carnegie Abraham Maslow Douglas McGregor ? 2008 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–* 定量分析学派 The Quantitative Approach Operations Research (Management Science) Evolved out of the development of mathematical and statistical solutions to milita