中华文化概况 1.ppt

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Timelines of Chinese Dynasties Section 1 The Geographical Surroundings and the Economic Structure of the Chinese Culture Discusion: China has a 5 000-year history of the development of civilization. The Chinese culture is one of the most ancient cultures in the world, and the only one that has lasted for thousands of years without suspension. The Geographical Surroundings 1. relatively enclosed geographical surroundings 2. high in the west and low in the east, several long rivers running from west to east distributed evenly 3. the temperate and subtropical zones, the natural resources such as light, heat, water and soil are fit for the development of agricultural economy The Economic Structure a modern industrial society primitive society After the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties some relatively stable economic zones developed: the early-maturing prosperity and wide dispersion the agricultural economy always had a leading role in ancient China. rulers of each dynasty happened to coincide in their policy of protecting agriculture Incentive measures were adopted to develop farming. With the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, emerged the system of household land. Every year at the Beginning of Spring (first solar term) of each year, a grand ceremony would be held. The Emperor, as well as dukes and princes would plough their own household land, setting a model for the common people to follow, and conveying the message that the government attached high importance to agriculture. Later, this became a conventional practice. The government also commended those who had scored outstanding achievements in the area of farming. In order to discourage the development of the craft and commercial sector, measures were taken to punish and restrain those handicraftsmen and businessmen. The punishments were sometimes very stern, such as forbidding businessmen to wear silk clothes, carry swords or use a chariot and even to confiscate their property. a small-scale peas

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