基于背景纹影技术激光损伤材料的气流场测量-光学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 脉冲激光损伤材料过程时，其内部流场具有气流速率快，温度高，较强的可见 和背景光辐照等特点。其中流场密度变化（即折、反射率）对整体光学系统均有很 大影响。由于“气流场”的存在而使通过流场的光的波阵面产生扭曲，进而影响光 束扰动、转向和散焦，减弱了光传输过程中的能量。该“气流场”很难用图像作以 标量显示，从而对后期研究改进系统性能带来较大的困难。同时，在“气流场”中 气流携带着很多的相关激光损伤材料时的密度、温度、压强信息，所以对该“气流 场”中气流的检测对激光损伤材料时的激光参数确定研究有较大的意义。 传统的气流场检测方法较多，但在激光损伤材料气流场检测不适用。本论文在 激光损伤材料气流场研究过程中，将纹影技术进行改进与 PIV 粒子示踪法相结合， 设计出双光路背景纹影检测方法，通过背景光在损伤气流场的折射率变化，推导出 损伤材料气流场的温度分布。该检测系统可以在对小区域气流场变化进行检测，具 有搭建简单，不用昂贵的光学元件的同时具有较高的精度，满足激光损伤材料气流 场检测要求。 关键词：背景纹影检测 激光损伤材料 气流场 温度场 流场密度 ABSTRACT In the pulsed laser-induced damage, the internal flow field of the material has many characteristics, such as fast airflow rate, high temperature and strong radiation of the visible and background lights. The changes in the flow field density（that is, refractivity or reflectivity） have great influence on overall optical system. The wavefront of the light while passing through the flow field will be distorted because of the presence of air flow field. Then the disturbance, steering and defocus of the light beams are affected and the optical energy is weakened in the transmission. It’s hard to image the air flow field scalarly, so improving the system properties have great difficult. The “air flow field” contains the information of density, temperature and pressure the laser-induced damage material ，therefore the study on the air flow field has great significance in determining the laser parameters by testing the air flow field in the laser-induced damage materials. There’re many methods to detect the traditional air flow field, but they aren’t suitable for testing the air flow field of the laser-induced damage materials. In this paper, through the study of the air flow field of the laser-induced damage materials, by the combination of schlieren technique and particle tracking method, the dual-path background oriented schlieren technique is designed. The temperature distribution of the air flow of the damage materials is deduced by the refractive index changes of the background light in