棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶制备和镀膜的的研究.doc

** ** 棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶的制备和镀膜研究 李建生1，刘炳光1，王韬1，董学通2 （1.天津职业大学生物与环境工程学院，天津 300410；2.天津泰岳玻璃有限公司）摘 要：向3%-4%的球状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶中，加入硝酸镧或硝酸铽水溶液作为转晶催化剂，用稀氢氧化钠溶液调节球状二氧化硅水溶胶酸度至pH8.0-8.5，在70-103℃下水热处理1-36h，得到以La(OH)3或Tb(OH)3为晶核的4.5%-5.5%碱性棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶；进一步用离子交换树脂处理，并加入水杨酸防霉剂，得到pH1.8-2.5的酸性棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶。用提拉法或辊涂法在玻璃表面镀膜，得到的膜层光滑致密平整无开裂，并具有良好的耐久性。棒状纳米二氧化硅水溶胶可作为太阳电池减反射、自清洁或光转换功能涂料的基本组分。 关键词：纳米二氧化硅；棒状；二氧化硅水溶胶；制备；镀膜 中图分类号：TQ127.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 基金项目：天津市科技特派员项目(14JCTPJC00533) Study on the Preparation and Coating of Elongated Shaped Nano-SiO2 Hydrosol Li Jiansheng1，Liu Bingguang1，Wang Tao1, Dong Xuetong 2 （1.School of Biological and Environmental Engineering，Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin 300410，China; 2.Tianjin Taiyue Glass Co.，Ltd） Abstract：Lanthanum nitrate or terbium nitrate solution as a crystal transformation catalyst was added into 3%-4% globular nano-SiO2 hydrosol. The pH value of the silica sol was adjusted to pH8.0-8.5 with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. It was processed 1-36h at 70-103℃ by hydrothermal method to get a 4.5%-5.5% alkaline elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol with La(OH)3 or Tb(OH)3 as crystal nucleus of nano-SiO2 particles. It was treated with ion exchange resin and added salicylic acid fungicide to get acidic elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol with pH1.8-2.5. Coating on the glass sample by pulling or rolling method, a coated glass with uniform and compact film was obtained .It has no cracking and with good durability. Elongated shaped nano-SiO2 hydrosol can used as base composition of anti-reflection or self-cleaning or luminescence conversion coating. Key words：nano-SiO2；elongated shaped；silica sol；preparation；coating 在晶体硅太阳电池玻璃盖板表面涂覆一层100-200 nm 厚度的纳米二氧化硅减反射膜，可增加太阳光谱中可见光透过率 2.5%-3.5%；若在纳米二氧化硅减反射膜层中添加自清洁组分，可以减少污染物遮挡10%-30%，稳定太阳电池发电效率；若在纳米二氧化硅减反射膜层中添加光转换组分，可以提高太阳光谱中紫外光或红外光的利用率5%-30%，显著提高太阳电池发电效率。采用涂覆纳米二氧化硅水溶胶的镀膜玻璃是一种简便和经济的提高晶体硅太阳电池发电效率的方法[1，2]。太阳能电池发电效率在应用中逐年降低，归结于太阳电池在露天环境下使用，镀膜玻璃要经受日光曝晒、酸雨冲刷、冷热冲击、沙尘、冰雹、海洋恶劣气候等环境因素的破坏，以及在进行清洗、维修等日常维护时玻璃膜层受到机械磨损。纳米二氧化硅膜的抗