秸秆还田对土壤生态因子的影响效应研究-作物栽培与耕作学专业论文.docxVIP

聊摘 聊 摘 要 ≮4507{i 本文以黄淮海平原麦玉两熟区为研究对象，于1999．2002年到河北省景县实验站进行 了秸秆还田后对土壤生态因子的影响效应研究，随过3年的定位试验，得出如瑚步结果： (1)从短期效果来看，不同秸秆处理对耕层土壤有机质的影响有增有减，总的变化平 稳，未显示趋增的明显效果，还有待多年观测加以证实。 (2)秸秆还田可使土壤全氮含量有所增加，但其增加量很小。【秸秆还田第一年，土壤 整个耕层中的全氮含量表现减少。但是从第二年开始，含量开始逐渐增加，但其增加量的 速度是缓慢的。从整个耕层来看，秸秆还田3年后．试验田的土壤全氮的年增量最高的是 秸秆还田倍量处理，最低的是焚烧处理。长 (3)秸秆还田归还了大量K，对补充土壤钾素，维持土壤钾素平衡，有着积极作用。 焚烧秸秆更有利于迅速补充钾素。 (4)秸秆焚烧减少了土壤表层的水分和初期的土壤微生物量。其它不同秸秆还田方式 对耕层土壤微生物的影响尚没有明显的差异。 (5)在一定还田量范围内，还田初期土壤呼吸基本上随着秸秆还田量的增加而增加。 秸秆还田半个月后，倍量还田的土壤呼吸比焚烧处理的高出11倍多。 (6)在秸秆还田量O-1000kg／hm2的范围内，作物产量具有增加的微小趋势，但各处 理之间的产量差异并不显著。 关键词： 黄淮海平原 麦玉两熟 秸秆还田 生态效应 AbstractBased Abstract Based on the crop residual experiment(1998—2001)in wheat--corn multiple farming system，our research primarily focus on analyzing the effects of crop residues on soil ecological factors Results are as followings： (1)Viewing on the result of short time，different treatment ofcrop residue increased or decreased the content of organic matter．and it did not show the obvious trend of increasing．It should be verified in more years ofexperiment (2)The content of soil total N(TCSTN)increased，but the quantity of increasing was liRle．At the first year，TCSTN of the whole soil layer of cultivation(WSLC)decreased，but from the second year,the content began to increase，although the increasing was liule．ARer 3 years consecutive experiment，the maximum annual increasing of TCSTN in the WSLC was the treat ofdouble·straw amount(DSA)，the minimal was in burning treat(BT)． (3)Crop residues application returned lot of potassium，which showed that crop residues had positive effects on reinforcing the content，maintaining the balance of potassium．Burning the straw was more benefit for reinforcing the potassium rapidly． (4)The treat of straw burning reduced the topsoil moisture and microbial biomass at the beginning of the experiment．Other various retuming methods showed no significant dj仃erence． (5)In a certain quantity of crop residues application，the soil respiration increased with the amounting of the crop