轿车副车架设计与优化-机械制造及其自动化专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE IV 轿车副车架设计与优化 摘 要 针对某轿车主要载荷情况以及边界条件和典型工况设计其前副车架，重点是 通过基于设计方法学的功能分析法和层次分析法，根据边界条件设计副车架的结 构和形状，利用三维 CAD 软件 UG 建立几何模型。根据几何模型，利用多体动力 学软件 ADAMS/CAR 建立悬架动力学模型，根据典型工况计算出静载荷。之后运用 Hyperworks 软件对初始设计进行初步结构强度计算。对比计算应力结果和材料 的强度，利用 Optistruct 的优化功能，对副车架进行尺寸优化，旨在在强度允 许范围内，减小板材的厚度，达到减轻副车架重量的目的。同时也为今后的车架 设计工作提供参考。 关键词：轿车副车架;设计方法学;动力学模型;尺寸优化;减重 Subframe Design and Optimization of a Passenger Car ABSTRACT A front subframe of a passenger car is designed based on the main loads and the boundary conditions ， as well as typical operating conditions. Significant theories are functional analysis and analytic hierarchy process of design methodology.The geometric model is established via a 3D CAD software UG.According to the boundary conditions，the structure and shape of subframe are designed.According to the geometric model ， a suspension dynamic model is established on a multi-body dynamic software ADAMS/CAR.And static loads are calculated based on typical operating conditions.Then the structural strength calculation is carried on to the initial design of the subframe via Hyperworks.After the comparision of the results of the calculation of stress and material strength， the size optimization for subframe is put into practice with the optimization function of Optistruct.With in the limits of the subframe’s strength，the plates’ thickness is reduced to achieve the purpose of reducing the weight of the subframe.The reaserch may also work as a reference material for future subframe designers. Keywords ： Subframe ； Design Methodology ； Dynamic Model ； Size Optimization；Weight Reducing VIII VIII 插图清单 图 1-1 功能分析法的设计步骤……………………………………………………3 图 1-2 结构优化层次……………………………………………………………………8 图 2-1 有限元的分析流程………………………………………………………………14 图 2-2 Hypermesh 建模和 Optistruct 分析的流程……………………………………16 图 2-3 有限元分析软件的组成………………………………………………………16 图 2-4 空间问题中的应力分量…………………………………………………………17 图 3-1 管材弯曲式副车架…………………………………………………………… 27 图 3-2 板材冲压焊