组学技术揭秘草食动物消化道真菌组成和功能.PDF

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版） 44（2）：131～139，2018 JournalofZhejiangUniversity(Agric.LifeSci.) /agr E-mail:zdxbnsb@ DOI:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.012 组学技术揭秘草食动物消化道真菌组成和功能 王佳堃，和文凤* 1 （浙江大学奶业科学研究所，杭州310058） 摘要 真菌是挖掘高效纤维降解酶的核心微生物。厌氧真菌能特化出氢化酶体和纤维小体结构，提高厌氧环境下 自身的能量供应；也能特化出厚的细胞壁或孢子样结构增强对不良环境的适应。畜种和消化道类型、日粮结构均 能影响消化道真菌的组成。基于核糖体18S/28S rRNA 基因和转录组间隔区（internal spacer region, ITS ）的分子标 记技术为厌氧真菌数量和区系研究提供了更为精准的手段，使厌氧真菌的研究逐渐深入。28S rDNA 的D 1/D2 区 域是厌氧真菌高通量分析的首选。由于目前组学分析数据库中缺少真菌的信息，以及很难直接从消化道内容物中 获取足量的真菌DNA/RNA 用于宏基因组/宏转录组分析，所以基于宏基因组学/宏转录组学技术揭示消化道内真 菌生理和功能的研究非常有限，是今后真菌研究应重点突破的领域。 关键词 厌氧真菌；消化道；系统发育；分子标记；宏转录组学 中图分类号 S 811.6 文献标志码 A Community and functionality of fungi in the gastrointestinal tracts of herbivores revealed by omics. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agric. Life Sci.) , 2018,44(2): 131-139 * WANG Jiakun , HE Wenfeng (Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China) Abstract Fungi are the major microbes to exploit fiber degrading enzymes. Anaerobic fungi possess hydrogenosomes and cellulosomes to improve their energy supply in anaerobic environment, and their thick cell wall or spore-like structure help them adapt adverse environment. Animal host phylogeny and diet exert the most significant role in shaping anaerobic fungal diversity and community structure. Molecular marker technology based on ribosomal 18S/28S rRNA genes and internal spacer region (ITS) provides a more precise means for the research of anaerobic fungi quantity and diversity, and the 28S rDNA D1/D2 is the preferred region for anaerobic fungal next generation sequencing. Due to limited databases for fungus and methods for obtaining enough fungal D