界面聚合法制备可控形貌聚苯胺及其性能研究-化学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 为了得到可控形貌的微纳米聚苯胺材料，本文采用界面聚合的方法，分别制 备出了聚苯胺管、聚苯胺球和聚苯胺纤维，并对产品的结构和性质进行了表征与 分析。具体研究内容为： 应用去离子水作为无机相，以四氯化碳作为有机相，改变有机相和无机相比 例控制产物的尺寸和性能。研究结果表明，这种方法得到了纳米聚苯胺管，随着 有机相和无机相比例的增加，产物的直径略有增加，且产物孔径也随之增大。分 别以二氯甲烷，甲苯作为有机相制备纳米结构聚苯胺。产物形貌发生了变化，分 别出现了少量的管状结构和棒状结构。此方法制备产物电导率整体不高但经过盐 酸的二次掺杂，电导率可提高两个数量级。 以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液作为无机相，四氯化碳为有机相，分别用不同 浓度 SDS 溶液进行掺杂。产物的结构较之前者有所变化，电导率增大了一个数 量级，形貌变化较大，出现了聚苯胺微球。 盐酸作为无机相，四氯化碳为有机相。随着盐酸浓度增大，产物形貌变化明 显，由纳米纤维变为纳米颗粒，同时电导率也随之增大。 本文根据得到聚苯胺的形貌，分别对三种体系制备的产物形成机制做了简要 分析，对实验现象和结果做了合理的解释。同时对三种体系制备的产物电导率和 电化学活性进行对比，结果表明用盐酸掺杂后的电化学活性最高，且用盐酸二次 掺杂后的产物电化学活性也有很大提高。 关键词： 聚苯胺；界面聚合；形貌；电导率 ABSTRACT In order to obtain the nanometer polyaniline materials with controlled morphology ， the interfacial polymerization was used to prepared polyaniline nanotubes, fiber and ball. The properties were investigated and their structure, properties were characterized In detail, deionized water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used as inorganic phase and organic phase respectively, by changing the ratio of organic phase /inorganic phase, the size and performance of product were controlled. The results showed that we obtained the polyaniline nanotubes, its diameter and aperture were slightly increased as the increasing of organic phase /inorganic phase. Methylene chloride and toluene were also used as organic to prepared polyaniline nanotubes and nano-rod respectively, the morphology changed. The conductivity of product prepared by this method is not high and it can be increased two orders of magnitude by secondary doping HCl. Polyaniline microsphere was synthesized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and CCl4 as inorganic phase and organic phase. Compared former, the structure of product had slightly variation, the conductivity increased to a high level, morphology changed greatly. Polyaniline nanofiber was synthesized with HCl and CCl4 as inorganic phase and organic phase respectively. The results showed that with the increasing of the concentration of HCl, the morphology