美国仍未摆脱种族对立的历史阴影.pptxVIP

For a founding father who usually took a sunny view of his nation’s prospects, it was a darkly pessimistic prophesy. In his Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson argued that if – as he hoped – America’s black slaves were one day set free, the resul t would be conflict and an inevitable descent into racial war. 尽管托马斯杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)是一位通常对国家前景持乐观看法的国父，但他曾提出一则充满阴郁悲观味道 的预言。在《弗吉尼亚笔记》(Notes on the State of Virginia)一书中，杰斐逊指出，如果就像他所希望的那样，有一天美国黑奴获得了自由，那么将会爆发冲突，并且不可避免地演变为种族战争。 And in the hours after Go vernor Jay Nixon imposed a night-time curfew on the Missouri town of Ferguson following the killing there of an unarmed teenager b y a police officer earlier this month, it is indeed reasonable to wonder whether a form of war (sometimes hot, sometimes cold) has been waged against blacks in America from Jefferson’s time until our own. 本月早些时候，在密苏里州的弗格森镇，一位并未携带武器的少年被一名警官杀害了。如今，在密苏里州州长杰伊#822 6;尼克松(Jay Nixon)宣布在该镇实行宵禁之后，我们有充分的理由问一句：从杰斐逊的时代起直到我们所处的这个时代，美国是否一直在进行着针对黑人的战争——其形式有时候表现为热战，有时候表现为冷战？ It is hardly uncommon in the US for a young black man to die under questionable circumstances at the hands of the police. Many blacks have stories about young men they knew, or knew of, who were killed this way. When I was at school, a black teenage boy in my home town died in police cust ody. The officers spun a wildly implausible tale about what had happened to justify the teenager’s killing. Our tiny black communi ty ached at its inability to achieve justice in a town still firmly gripped by the legacy of Jim Crow. 在美国，一位年轻黑人在可疑场景下死于警官之手，这样的事 并不少见。许多黑人都能说出类似的故事——他们认识或听说过的某个年轻人就是以这样的方式死去的。我上中学时，我的家乡就有一位黑人少年在被警方羁押期间死亡。为了证明少年死有余辜，警官们给事情的来龙去脉编了一套完全站不住脚的说法。在这个当时仍被吉姆克劳( Jim Crow)的遗产（指吉姆克劳法，即1876-1965年期间美国部分州实施的种族隔离制度——译者注）所控制的城镇，我们势单力孤的黑人社区只能自己承受无法伸张正义的痛苦。 Jefferson saw slavery as a state of war between master and slave. It was a legal institution that categorised blacks as property and gave all whites authority over e very black person. Even after it was destroyed, the law a