11评价人类对农田土壤微生物活性,生物量和多样性之影响-综述.pdfVIP

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 2006, 169, 295–309 DOI: 10.1002/jpln.200521941 295 Review Article Methods for evaluating human impact on soil microorganisms based on their activity, biomass, and diversity in agricultural soils 1 2 Rainer Georg Joergensen * and Christoph Emmerling 1 Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany 2 Department of Soil Science, Campus II - Behringstr., D-54286 Trier, Germany Accepted February 10, 2006 PNSS P194/1B Summary values. Microbial-biomass C (lg (g soil)–1) can be estimated The present review is focused on microbiological methods by multiplying total PLFA (nmol (g soil)–1) by the FPLFA-factor used in agricultural soils accustomed to human disturbance. of 5.8 and DNA (lg (g soil)–1) by the FDNA-factor of 6.0. In Recent developments in soil biology are analyzed with the addition, the turnover of the soil microbial biomass is appre- aim of highlighting gaps in knowledge, unsolved research ciated as a key process for maintaining nutrient cycles in soil. questions, and controversial results. Activity rates (basal Examples are briefly presented that show the direction of respiration, N mineralization) and biomass are used as over- human impact on soil microorganisms by the methods evalu- all indices for assessing microbial functions in soil and can be ated. These examples are taken from research on organic supplemented by biomass ratios (C : N, C : P, and C : S) and farming, reduced tillage, de-intensification o