法律英语 第四课 司法系统.pptVIP

法律英语 Lesson Four Judicial System Good order is the foundation of all things. E.Burke, British statesman　 良好的秩序是一切的基础。 英国政治家 伯克 E　 Background 美国司法制度的特点： 贯彻三权分立的原则，实行司法独立； 法院组织分为联邦和地方两大系统； 联邦最高法院享有特殊的司法审查权。 State and Federal Courts Throughout the United States there are two judicial systems. One system consists of state and local courts established under the authority of the state governments. The other is the Supreme Court and the federal court system, created by Congress under the authority of the Constitution of the United States. Proper names Securities and Exchange Commission （美）证券交易委员会 Labor Relations Board 劳资关系委员会 美国联邦法院 The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 美国联邦巡回法庭的上诉法庭 美国的法官 联邦和州最高法院的法官 ——大法官，justice 上诉法院和审判法院的法官 ——法官，judge 基层法院的审判人员 ——治安法官，justice of the peace —司法官，magistrate [Section 2.] The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; -- to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; -- to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; -- to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; -- to Controversies between two or more States; -- between a State and Citizens of another State; -- between Citizens ? of different States; -- between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands ? under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens ? thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jur