大三英语翻译翻译.docVIP

翻译中的选词法(diction) I. 选择语法意义(choice of grammatical meanings)----语法结构分析 The same word, when used as different parts of speech and playing different roles in a sentence, has different meanings. 1.Take the cart back to the back yard and back it into the shed at the back of the stable. 2.He had no stomach to follow us. I can’t stomach this job any longer. II.选择搭配意义(choice of collocative meanings)----语义分析 Some words have the same basic meanings, but differ in collocation. That is, they have different collocative meanings. For instance, “sense” and “meaning” are synonymous, but “John is a man of sense” is acceptable while “John is a man of meaning” is unacceptable. One problem with collocation is translation is that, very often what is good collocation in English may not be so when rendered into Chinese, or vice versa. For instance, “pretty” and“handsome” are rendered into “漂亮的” and “英俊的” respectively.It is perfectly all right to say “a handsome car” but “英俊的车子” would be totally unacceptable to the Chinese reader. Thus in E-C translation, a translator must ensure that the version is idiomatic or collocatively acceptable in the target language. E.g.build Build a house/ a ship/ a fire/ a car/one’s confidence/scholars of tomorrow/ an answer/ a bridge/ a dam/ a stamp collection III. 选择情感意义(choice of afffective meanings)-----语义分析（情感） Affective meanings refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the writer towards the reader. You may address somebody as an “idiot” to convey your despise, or describe something as “marvelous” to express your positive evaluation. There are basically three types of affective meanings: positive(褒义),neutral(中性),and derogatory (贬义). Positive neutral derogatory Portly(发福的)Overweight(超重的)Obese(臃肿的） Slender,slim((苗条的) Underweight(体重不够的）Skinny(瘦削的) Senior,elder(长者)Old man/woman(老人)Fossil(老朽) Examples: 1.Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平. A salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succee