砾石河床冲淤水流之数值模拟-生物环境系统工程学系.PDF

礫石河床沖淤水流之數值模擬 Numerical Simulation of Sediment Flushing Flow in a Gravel-bed River 國立台灣大學生物環境系統工程學系 副 教 授 研 究 助 理 吳 富 春 周 逸 儒 Fu-Chun Wu Yi-Ju Chou 摘 要 本研究針對礫石河床之沖淤水流進行數值模擬。本文採用礫石與泥砂二分區模式估算礫石與泥砂 顆粒之臨界剪應力 ，並據以計算礫石與泥砂分區之輸運率 。本研究所建立之數值模式將沖淤過程中 礫石底床含砂量之改變對礫石與泥砂臨界剪應力之影響納入考慮 ，模擬結果顯示本研究所建立之模 式較 Wilcock 模式更能反映真實沖淤狀況 。本研究成果可做為河川棲地復育規劃之有效工具 。 ABSTRACT This study addresses the numerical simulation of sediment flushing flow in a gravel-bed river. The two-fraction model is used to estimate the critical shear stresses and thus the transport rates of gravel and sand fractions. The variation of critical shear stress with sand content is taken into consideration in this study. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model is more realistic than Wilcock model in modeling of sediment flushing process. The numerical model developed in this study may well serve as an efficient tool for habitat restoration planning. 1. INTRODUCTION Because the water and sediment from the upstream are trapped at the reservoir, river channels immediately downstream of the reservoir typically experience a decrease in flood magnitude and sediment transport capacity. If the transport capacity of downstream channel is sufficiently reduced and fine sediments are continuously introduced from the reservoir or from downstream tributaries, the finer sediment may accumulate on the bed of the river. This process can result in the high content of finer sediment fil