托福长难句(完整版).pdf

Produced by 王承敏 Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the applied arts.” （OG-Applied arts and fine arts ） 长难句类型：抽象词 难度：3 语法分析：Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the applied arts.” 译文：尽管现在我们倾向于根据工艺品的制造材料—— 比如黏土、玻璃、木头、纤维以及金 属——对他们进行分类，但根据工艺品的功能进行分类（这一做法）在过去曾经很流行，（这 一做法）导致了这些工艺品被称作 实用艺术”。 解释：这句话的前半句，也就是让步的部分并不难，难就难在后面的转折部分，it 是形式主 语，真正的主语是 to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，而后面which 引导的定语 从句也正是修饰前面的 to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，这句话是全文的第一 句，事实上作者是在做一个背景导入，根据这句话，我们可知，下面要讲的就 是实用艺术”。 Produced by 王承敏 Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art obj ects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. （OG-Applied arts and fine arts ） 长难句类型：抽象词+插入语+ 易混指代 难度：4 语法分析：Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art obj ects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. 译文：因为是物理定律——而不是随意的结论——决定了实用艺术品的一般形式，所以它们 （实用艺术品）遵循基本的样式，这也使得 （它们的）功能形式只能在很小的范围内变化。 解释：这句话前半部分的原因状语从句并不难，难就难在句子中的they follow basic patterns” 这个句子中的 they”到底指代的是什么，并且ETS 也针对这里的they”出了一道指代题，我 们由前面的原因状语从句可知是物理定律决定实用艺术品，而这里说 它们”遵循基本样式， basic patterns”事实上就是对前面 the laws of physics” 的对应，因此 they”指代的就是 applied-art obj ects”，明确这点之 ，后面的 so much so that”一句就很好理解了，和前面的 句子是顺成关系。 Produced by 王承敏 That this device was a