花后干旱和渍水下氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积聚关键调控酶活性的影响.pdf

中国农业科学 2005,38(6):1132-1141 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 花后干旱和渍水下氮素供应对小麦籽粒蛋白质和 淀粉积聚关键调控酶活性的影响 范雪梅，姜 东，戴廷波，荆 奇，曹卫星 （南京农业大学/农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室，南京 210095 ） 摘要：防雨池栽条件下，设置渍水、干旱和对照 3个水分处理，每个水分处理下再设置 2个施氮水平，研究 了花后渍水和干旱逆境下氮素对两个籽粒蛋白质含量不同的小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种籽粒蛋白质和淀 粉积聚关键调控酶活性的影响。研究结果表明，与对照相比，花后干旱和渍水均降低旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS） 和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性，但水分逆境下增施氮肥可以提高旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶（SPS）、GS 和 GPT 活性。灌浆 期籽粒-蔗糖合成酶（SS）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）、GS和GPT活性均呈下降趋势， 水分逆境下小麦籽粒 SS 和 GS 活性降低，干旱提高 GPT 活性，而渍水使其降低。土壤水分适宜或亏缺条件下增施 氮肥可以提高籽粒 SS 活性，而渍水下增施氮肥降低 SS 活性。干旱和渍水下增施氮肥可以提高籽粒 SSS、GBSS、 GS 和GPT活性。干旱处理提高直链淀粉积累速率和蛋白质含量，而渍水使其降低。土壤干旱和渍水下增施氮肥降 低直链淀粉和支链淀粉积累速率，提高了蛋白质含量，且适宜水分或亏缺条件下增施氮肥可以提高蛋白质积累量， 而渍水下增施氮肥不利于蛋白质积累。 关键词：小麦；干旱；渍水；籽粒淀粉和蛋白质；籽粒淀粉合成关键酶 Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Activities of Key Regulatory Enzymes for Grain Starch and Protein Accumulation in Wheat Grown Under Drought and Waterlogging from Anthesis to Maturity FAN Xue-mei, JIANG Dong, DAI Ting-bo, JING Qi, CAO Wei-xing (Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095) Abstract: Effects of nitrogen rates on activities of key regulatory enzymes for grain starch and protein accumulation in two wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought and waterlogging from anthesis to maturity were studied in a cement pool culture experiment. Total three water treatments were established from anthesis to maturity, i.e. waterlogging, drought and moderate water supply (CK). Under each water treatment, two nitrogen levels of 120 and 240 kg·ha-1 were implemented. Both drought and waterlogging significantly reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate pyruvic aminotransferase (GPT) activities in flag leaf, comp