英语人教版八年级下册U10 B1.docVIP

现在完成时（三） 现在完成时的持续型用法 现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since, for等。 1. since意为“自从……以来”，它既可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时，后接表示过去的时间点，表示某事开始的时间；作连词时，引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时。如： John has been an English teacher since 1998 / last year / two years ago. My grandfather has owned the house since he was twenty. 2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。如：I have taught Chinese for three years. He has been in Shanghai for a month. 注意： 1. 对since和 for引导的时间状语提问时，常用how long。如： She has worked in the factory since five years ago. ?(对划线部分提问) How long has she worked in the factory? 2. 在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子有时可以相互转换。如： Linda and her family have lived in London for five years. = Linda and her family have lived in London since five years ago. 3. 表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。如： My cousin has come to Beijing for two days.? (×) We haven’t seen each other for a long time.? (√) 短暂性(短语)动词与延续性(短语)动词和与表示状态的短语之间的转化 1. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为相应的延续性(短语)动词。常见的有： borrow → keep?? buy → have catch a cold → have a cold?? put on → wear go to sleep → sleep?? move to → live in 2. 有些短暂性(短语)动词可转化为表示状态的短语。常见的有： leave → be away?? begin / start → be on die → be dead?? finish → be over join → be in / be a member of fall asleep → be asleep?? marry → be married come / arrive here → be here 【运用】 Ⅰ. 根据括号内的要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. Jim has had the toy bear since he was three years old.? (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has Jim had the toy bear? 2. They have waited for me for an hour. ?(改为同义句) They have waited for me ________ ________ ________ ________. 3. The movie began two hours ago.? (改为同义句) The movie ________ ________ ________ for two hours. Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词（含缩略形式）。 1. 她加入这个俱乐部一年了。 She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the club for one year. 2. 我两个月没有收到她的信了。 I ________ ________ ________ her for two months. 3. 自从她到了北京就没给我打过电话。 She hasn’t called me ________ she ________ in Beijing. 答案: Ⅰ. 1. How long? 2. since an hour ago? 3. has been on Ⅱ. 1. has been a member of?