心理学与生活(中文版) FreeKaoYan专业术语表.pdf

专业术语表 A-B-A 设计 A-B-A design Experimental design in which participants first experience the baseline condition(A),then experience the experimental treatment(B),and then return to the baseline(A). 变态心理学 Abnormal psychology The area of psychological investigation concerned with understanding the nature of individual patholoies of mind,mood,and behavior. 绝对阈限 Absolute threshold The minimum amount of physical energy needed to produce a reliable sensory experience; operationally defined as the stimulus level at which a sensory signal is detected half the time. 顺应 Accommodation 1.The process by which the ciliary muscles change the thickness of the lens of the eye to permit variable focusing on near and distant objects. 2.According to Piaget,the process of restructuring or modifying cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily;this process works in tandem with assimilation. 习得 Acquisition The stage in a classical conditioning experiment during which the conditional response is first elicited by the conditioned stimu lus. 动作电位 Action potential The nerve impulse activated in neuron that travels down the axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released into a synapse. 急性应激 Acute stress A transient state of arousal with typically clear onset and offset patterns. 成瘾 Addiction A condition in which the body requires a drug in order to function without phsysical and psychological reactions to its absence; often the outcome of tolerance and dependence. 年龄歧视 Ageism Prejudice against older people,similar to racism and sexism in its negtive stereotypes. 攻击 Aggression Behaviors that cause psychological or physical harm to another individual. 广场恐怖症 Agoraphobia An extreme fear of being in public places or open spaces from which excape may be difficult or embarrassing. 艾滋病 AIDS Acronym