第05讲 蛋白质结构与功能的关系.pptxVIP

第三~四讲蛋白质的结构体系蛋白质结构之总论蛋白质的一级结构蛋白质的二级结构结构模体与结构域蛋白质的三级结构蛋白质的四级结构蛋白质结构的分类第五讲蛋白质结构与功能的关系一、肌红蛋白的结构与功能二、血红蛋白的结构与功能三、血红蛋白病四、免疫系统和免疫球蛋白五、肌球蛋白丝、肌动蛋白丝 与肌肉收缩蛋白质的结构与功能Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions.Several key properties enable proteins to participate in such a wide range of functions.Proteins are linear polymers built of monomer units called amino acids. The construction of a vast array of macromolecules from a limited number of monomer building blocks is a recurring theme in biochemistry. Does protein function depend on the linear sequence of amino acids? The function of a protein is directly dependent on its three-dimensional structure. Remarkably, proteins spontaneously fold up into three-dimensional structures that are determined by the sequence of amino acids in the protein polymer. Thus, proteins are the embodiment of the transition from the one-dimensional world of sequences to the three-dimensional world of molecules capable of diverse activities.Structure Dictates Function. A protein component of the DNA replication machinery surrounds a section of DNA double helix. The structure of the protein allows large segments of DNA to be copied without the replication machinery dissociating from the DNA.Proteins contain a wide range of functional groups. These functional groups include alcohols, thiols, thioethers, carboxylic acids, carboxamides, and a variety of basic groups. When combined in various sequences, this array of functional groups accounts for the broad spectrum of protein function. For instance, the chemical reactivit