基于语料库的中国英语学习者表示“确定”的副词的使用情况分析-外国语言学及应用语言学专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 10 whole” (P613). It must be noted that Quirk et al. also place some of these adverbs in the class of subjuncts and conjuncts. Yet, we do not distinguish between disjuncts, subjuncts and conjuncts, but deal with all the uses of the adverbs in the corpora. Huddleston and Pullum (2002) Huddleston and Pullum distinguished three levels of strength for modal auxiliaries: strong, medium and weak. They are levels of strength indicating the speaker’s commitment to the truth of the proposition. However, modal adverbs are not so easily classified in this respect, because they are more numerous. Huddleston distinguished four degrees of strength for them. assuredly certainly clearly definitely incontestably indubitably ineluctably inescapably manifestly necessarily obviously patently plainly surely truly unarguably unavoidably undeniably undoubtedly unquestionably apparently doubtless evidently presumably seemingly arguably likely probably conceivably maybe perhaps possibly The level of the strongest degree of certainty is of our interest. The strong items (here i) “commit the speaker to the truth of the moralized proposition” (P768). While a proposition without adverb adjuncts also commits the speaker to the truth of the proposition, “addition of a strong modal adjunct emphasizes that the commitment or makes it more explicit” (P768). It should be noted that the classification given by Huddleston and Pullum overlaps to a great extent but not completely with Quirk et al.’s. The adverbs expressing strongest degree of certainty are included in Quirk et al.’s list of adverbs expressing conviction. But Huddleston and Pullum’s class of adverbs expressing the strongest certainty does include necessarily, which is absent from Quirk et al..’s list. On the other hand, Quirk et al..’s list of conviction adverbs include evidently, which is grouped as less strong by Huddleston and Pullum. Biber et al.. (2000) Biber et al. (2000) classify certainty adverbs as stanc