度正及其思想研究.pdf

摘要 摘 要 度正是朱熹晚年弟子，南宋中后期著名的学者，主要活动于光宗、宁宗、 理宗三朝。今存度正著作 《性善堂稿》与 《周子年谱》，是研究度正及其思想 重要材料。度正的一生是为民请命的一生，也是求学探道的一生，他的学问轨 迹可以拜见朱子为分水岭。度正早年受到兼山学派的影响，他的学问根基立于 孟子的性善学说。度正三十二岁时，在庆元党禁的政治压力下拜在朱子门下， 他得到了朱子的肯定与悉心教导，学问与修为与日俱增，收获很多。度正与道 学家群体保持着密切的交流，除朱子之外，与度正相交颇深的道学家有刘光祖、 吴猎、曹彦约等人。 度正的理学思想可以从道统论、理气论、政治论三个层面来探讨。度正十 分重视道统在师徒之间的传授，同时度正也看到了经典文献在思想传承上的重 大价值，度正能够重视汉唐诸儒在道统上的地位，但他更加看重宋儒尤其是朱 子的特殊价值。度正的理气观可以从太极、动静阴阳、理气问题三方面展开讨 论。度正关于政治论的独特贡献不仅在于他继承了传统儒家民为邦本与勤政爱 民的政治观念，更重要的是他提出了君臣共治天下的美好蓝图。 关键词: 度正；朱子；道统论；理气论；政治论 I Abstract ABSTRACT Duzheng was zhuxi’s disciple in his old age. Duzheng was the minister and academic in the late Song Dynasty. He has written two books ： Manuscript of xingshan and ChronicleofZhouDunyi.Thisisthemost importantmaterials to study his thoughts. He spended allthe time ofhis life on learning andmeeting the master ZhuXi is the limit of his learning career. In his earlyperiod he was affectedby the schoolofJianShan,andhis ScholarshipfoundationisGoodnessdoctrineofMencius. He visited ZhuXi successfully in Thirty-two years old and ZhuXi valued his knowledge and moral. DuZheng learned a lot through this period, since then, DuZheng maintained exchangeswith those moralists. Except ZhuXi, there are three importantpeoplegivehimgreatinspirationforhisknowledge,theyareLiuGuangzu, WuLieandCaoYanyue. New Confucianism Theory of DuZheng can be divided three parts: Confucian orthodoxy, LiQi and political phylosophy. DuZheng attaches great importance to teaching ofconfucianorthodoxybetween masters anddisciples.Atthe sametime,he also pay attention to the value of classic literature. DuZheng attaches great importance to confucianist of Han and Tang Dynasties, however, he pay more attentiontoconfucianistof SongDynasty,especiallythecontributionsofZhuXi.The ont