农药药理学总论2015.pptVIP

3.3.2 β-Tubulin β-tubulin assembly in mitosis: carbendazim (多菌灵), thiophanate-methyl (甲基硫菌灵), diethofencarb(乙霉威) * 3.3.3 Respiration (1) Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), boscalid (啶酰菌胺) (2) Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI): azoxystrobin 嘧菌酯 * 3.3.4 Multisite fungicides Dithiocarbamates(二硫代氨基甲酸盐,如Manozeb代森锰锌), captan克菌丹, copper, and sulfur * 4 Toxicological data requirement (1) Acute toxicity (single dose) studies; LD50, in at least 2 species, (2) Primary irritancy (inflammation); skin, eye (3) Sensitization; skin, respiratory (4) Repeated exposure studies; cumulative toxicity, chronic toxicity, oncogenicity（致瘤性） * 4 Toxicological data requirement (5) Developmental and reproductive toxicity; (6) Genetic toxicology studies; genotoxic carcinogenesis致癌作用 (7)Metabolism and toxicokinetic studies; absorption, biodistribution, metabolites (8) antidotal(解毒的)studies * 4 Toxicological data requirement (9) Special studies; Neurotoxicity; Specific enzyme studies; * 5 农药药理学教材 Toxicology of insecticides (1985) Matsumura,F.? Pesticide toxicology and international regulation. Marrs TC. 杀虫药剂的分子毒理学：张宗炳 (1988) 农药毒理学：黄毓麟 (2005) * 农药药理学 网上资源 WEB resources for pesticide toxicology, environmental chemistry, and policy: a utilitarian perspective Toxicology ，173(2002)153–166 * 农药药理学期刊 Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology /science/journal * * (7) Weak organic bases or acids that degrade the pH gradients across membranes The pH difference is very important for the energy production in mitochondria and chloroplasts, and this can be seriously disturbed. Substances like ammonia, phenols, and acetic acid owe their toxicity to this mechanism. * 3 The Primary Mechanisms of Pesticide Action The pesticide per se or as its bioactivated form binds to or interacts with a specific enzyme, receptor, protein, or membrane, initiating a series of events that is deleterious or lethal to the pest. * 3.1 Mechanisms of Insecticide Action Insecticide: Most