基于无线传感器网络的目标状态估计与融合-信号与信息处理专业论文.docxVIP

II II Abstract With the signi?cant advances in networking, wireless communications, microfabrication, and microprocessors, the topic of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become a fast-growing research area. As a typical application of WSNs, target location and tracking has its own advantages such as low cost, high reliability and self-organization. Starting from the classical Kalman Filter, this paper studies how to use smoothing technology to improve estimation precision of the Sigma Point Kalman Filter. Later, depending on the structural advantage of Information Filter in data fusion, a method seeking to reduce overall energy consumption under the condition of tracking accuracy is also proposed in this dissertation. The main contributions can be concluded as follows: Smoothing is a method that uses features of the first two moments to continuously corrects a markov or gauss-markov sequences in order to get the optimal smoothing value. This paper proposes a new method which combines fixed lag smoothing algorithm and sigma transformation strategy. As a result of embedding a backward calculating smoother to a forward calculating filter, it can significantly reduce the time delay and achieve a nearly same estimation precision with traditional smoother. Considering the limitation of sensor node itself, a cluster strategy is also presented, which concerns not only the overall energy consuming but also the remainder energy. This method firstly predicts the target’s next-step position, then decides which nodes should be choosed as members of next cluster by using the nearest neighbor method. With energy equilibrium strategies, the cluster head is also elected. Because only the nearest nodes participating in target tracking at every step, the cluster strategy can effectively reduce energy consumption and guarantee the tracking accuracy at the same time. The Information Filter could be easily distributed because of its particular inverse covariance form. By embedding the