中国文化翻译学科介绍课程讲述.pptVIP

Part II Chinese Culture, Education, Science and Technology ;Chapter 2Philosophy and Religions;P.18: 思想流派 schools of thought 基本形成、得以蓬勃发展 take definite shapes, enjoy thriving development 百家争鸣 a hundred schools of thought contend 中国古代哲学 ancient Chinese Philosophy 先秦子学 the philosophy in pre-Qin times(?) ;儒家学说 Confucianism 墨家、法家 Mohism, Legalism 孔子、孟子 Confucius, Mencius 核心思想、言行、行为准则 core of thought, words and deeds, code of behavior 仁、义、忠、恕 benevolence, justice, allegiance, forbearance 中庸之道 the doctrine of the golden mean (see the explanation on p.18) 伦理关系 ethical relations ;中国哲学的发展自成一体，独立于西方国家和其它文明国家，具有显著的特点、独一无二的观念体系和表达方式。 Chinese philosophy developed independent of European and other civilized countries, with its own distinguishing features, unique concept systems and expressive ways. 中国哲学已经成为世界三大哲学体系之一，其他两个为西方哲学和印度哲学。 Chinese philosophy has become one of the three philosophy systems in the world, the other two being Western philosophy and Indian philosophy. 中国哲学春秋时期基本形成，百家争鸣的战国时期得以蓬勃发展。 Chinese philosophy began to take definite shapes during the Spring and Autumn Period and enjoyed thriving development because of the emergence of the “a hundred schools of thought contend” during the Warring States period.;Page 19: 孔子的（儒家的） Confucian 道、天道、人道 Dao/Tao (the Way as the noumenon of the cosmos), the Heavenly Way, the Human Way 老子、《道德经》 Lao Zi/Lao-Tse, Dao De Jing/Tao Te Ching 无为而治 achieving good government through non-action 兼爱 universal love 尚贤 honor virtuous people;非命、非攻 oppose fatalism, oppose aggressive wars 节用（厉行节约）、节葬 uphold thriftiness, uphold simple funerals 韩非子 Han Fei Zi 官僚制度 bureaucracy 两汉经学 the orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty 汉武帝 Emperor Wudi (of Han Dynasty) “罢黜百家，独尊儒术” ban all schools of thought except Confucianism 官学 orthodox school 正统哲学 orthodox philosophy;儒学的影响极其显著，所以“儒家（文化）”一词就可以直接代表中国的传统生活与文化。 The influence of Confucianism is so predominant that the word “Confucian” can directly represent traditional Chinese life and culture. 道家主张的学说是