基于数字图像的沥青路面表面构造评价体系研究-交通运输工程专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 沥青路面具有表面平整、噪音低、行车舒适和无接缝等优点，在国内外公路建设中 被大量使用。随着沥青混凝土路面建设的不断发展，路面的抗滑问题日益突出。路面表 面构造与路面抗滑性能紧密相关，而目前沥青路面表面构造的表征技术存在着评价指标 少并且评价方法落后的问题。 鉴于现行规范中沥青路面表面构造测定方法均存在一定不足，本文在系统分析现阶 段各种路面表面构造表征技术和数字图像相关理论的基础上，自主研发沥青路面表面构 造测试仪，采集三张红、蓝、绿二维图像，根据光度立体法计算梯度数据，借助全局积 分技术重建沥青路面表面高度图。重建结果表明，该测试仪较为真实、精确地重建了沥 青路面表面三维 RGB 图像，得到的高度图较准确地描述了路面表面高低起伏的状况。 本文借鉴分形理论和几何学理论，根据沥青路面表面三维图像分别计算了分形维数 D 和 5 个几何特征参数，并与传统评价方法进行相关性分析。结果表明，分形维数可以 用于表征沥青路面表面微观构造，而 5 个几何特征参数则可以表征宏观构造。 结合现行规范对沥青路面抗滑性能的要求以及本研究的计算结果，本文给出了不同 沥青路面分形维数和几何特征参数的推荐值：AC 路面：D2.74，?s 32.31，Z2s1.34， Rs 1.25，Ts 1.25，0.9 Ka 0.7；SMA 路面：D2.81，?s 39.61，Z2s2.35， Rs 2.10， Ts 2.10，0.9 Ka 0.7；OGFC 路面：D2.85，?s 47.10，Z2s3.0， Rs 2.78，Ts 2.78， 0.9 Ka 0.7，建立了一套基于数字图像技术的沥青路面表面构造评价体系。最后，借助 MATLAB 编程工具，开发 GUI 用户操作界面，实现了沥青路面表面构造测试与评价的 人机交互式处理。 关键词：道路工程，表面构造，沥青路面，数字图像，三维重建 II II Abstract The advantages of the asphalt concrete pavement with smooth pavement, low noise, driving comfort and no juncture make it be used broadly worldwide in the highway construction. With the developing of the construction of asphalt concrete pavement, the skid-resistance of pavement becomes very important. The texture of the pavement have a closely link with its skid-resistance, but the current evaluation indexes of the pavement texture are very less and the evaluation methods are backward. Considering the disadvantages of measurements for asphalt pavement surface texture in specification, a test system for surface texture is invented based on Digital Image Processing in this paper. Three red, green, blue images are obtained firstly. Gradient is figured up relying on photometric stereo techniques. Altitude chart of asphalt pavement is obtained which reconstructs by means of Global integration techniques. Results demonstrate that a three-Dimension RGB image for asphalt pavement surface texture is reconstructed precisely according to this tester； The actual surface of ups and downs of pavement is described accurately from the RGB image. According to fractal theory and geometry,