基于无速度传感器的异步电机软起动器的研究-电工理论与新技术专业论文.docxVIP

- - I - 摘 要 异步电动机之所以被广泛应用于生产生活的各个领域，是因为异步电动机具有结构简 单、价格相对较便宜、便于维修以及惯性小等优点，其作为重要的动力装置，在我国的经 济建设中起着不可替代的作用。但当不采用任何起动装置而直接将异步电机投入到电网中 起动时，起动瞬间电流和扭矩所带来的冲击，不仅会使电动机发热，降低电机及其拖动系 统的使用寿命，同时降低电网电压质量，影响电网中其它用电设备的正常运行，传统的软 起动器又有许多弊端，为获得良好的起动性能，采用晶闸管调压的电子式软起动器得到迅 速的发展。本文研究的重点是将无速度传感器应用到异步电动机的软起动器中，在起动过 程中，通过电压电流估算电动机的转矩和转速，实现转矩的闭环控制，以便实现电机按给 定转矩斜坡线性上升，论文对无速度传感器和转矩斜坡控制理论进行了深入剖析，设计了 基于无速度传感器的转矩斜坡异步电机软起动方案，通过仿真研究，结果表明，该软起动 器具有结构简单，起动过程平滑稳定，柔性好，对电机及其拖动系统有更好的保护，同时 该软起动器减少了速度和转矩传感器的安装，减小了系统成本，提高了系统的可靠性。最 后用 MC9S12DG128 单片机作为其控制器，对软起动控制系统的硬件电路和软件进行了设 计。 关键词：软起动器；晶闸管；转矩斜坡控制；无速度传感器；MC9S12DG128 （辽宁省教育厅基金项目，项目号 （辽宁工程技术大学研究生科研立项项目，项目号：Y201000409） - - II - Abstract AC induction machine is most used in various area ，because of its simple structure，stable running，convenient maintaining，and small inertia，as important power plant it is irreplaceable in economic construction. But when starts AC machine without any set, directly connects it into the power grid voltage, the instant of current and the torque bring impact, not only can cause the motor fever, reduce the machine and the dragging systems life, simultaneously can reduce power grid voltage quality, and affect the other electric equipment normally operating in the power grid, the traditional soft start also has its malpractice. For good start performance，electronic soft starter has been used widely which uses SCR as main circuit. The studies emphasis is that applying speed sensor-less theory to AC motor starter，during the starting of the motor，uses the voltage and current to estimate start speed and torque ，realizes closed-loop control of the torque, so that it makes motor start as preset torque curve. The paper introduces the principle of speed sensor-less and torque slope in detail，adopts torque slope scheme of AC induction start based on speed sensor-less，the simulation results show that this soft starter has advantages such as simple structure，process of start is smooth and stable，good flexibility，better protect of motor and i