贵州省毕节石桥喀斯特小流域水土流失防治措施的效应分析-校内导师; 喻理飞专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 5 起很大作用，产沙量为梯土水土保持林荒山荒坡经果林坡耕地坡耕撂荒地, 径流深为梯土水土保持林荒山荒坡经果林坡耕地坡耕撂荒地，说明水土保 持林具较好的效果。 （5）坡耕地特别是裸露坡耕地的保水保土效果最差。没有作物的坡耕地、 有作物的坡耕地的土壤侵蚀模数分别为100.96(t/km2.a)、 40.89(t/km2.a)，分别是 坡改梯（11.62(t/km2.a)）的8.69倍、3.52倍，说明坡改梯是解决坡耕地水土流失 的有效途径,通过坡改梯工程，降低坡度的途径可有效地降低土壤侵蚀模数。 关键词：效应分析，防治措施，水土流失，喀斯特小流域，石桥，贵州 Effect analysis of prevention measures on soil erosion of Shiqiao-Karst-watershed of Bijie City in Guizhou Province Abstract ： A comprehensive control area on soil erosion was studied.by different treatmental measures in this paper. Some indexes of slope degree slope length were measuered. Datas of 23 runoff plots and 10 typical farmers and 3 plots of communities were gathered from 2005 to 2009. Characteristics on sands and effects of measures were analynied. The results showed that as follows. It were positive correlation between precipitation and runoff amounts and depth. However it was negative correlation between precipitation intensity.. There is no surface runoff while precipitation ≦ 5mm per time. Runoff depth and sediment yield increased compareing with the precipitation(5mm intensity). It showed that the precipitation of 5mm per time was the main factor of soil erosion. Slope affected runoff depth. The runoff depth was 392mm 10° (at 5°.), 404mm 15°(at 10°), 423mm(at 20°), 423mm( 25°), 424mm( 30°) ,438mmand 442mm( 40°). It showed depth inveresed companing with slope incresing. Slope impactd the soil erosion modulus. The soil erosion modulus were 38.08(t/km2.a) 10° and 83.90(t/km2.a) 15° and 120.50(t/km2.a) 20°, 136.21(t/km2.a) 25° and 210.50(t/km2.a) 30°and 272.71(t/km2.a) 40°and 308.08(t/km2.a) at 5° slope. It showed runoff depth was positively corralated with slope. The effects the runoff depth and amounts were different measures. Effects of runoff depth was ordered by Terracing ＜ soil and water conservation forest ＜ economic fruit forest ＜ farmland ＜ slope farmland;soil and water erosionfield. Amounts of water-soil-erosion affected the ru