汉代土地制度与农业经济组织研究-中国古代学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 本文重新认识了汉代的土地制度。汉代是国家掌握全部的土地，土地按管 理的部门可分为两部分，一个部分属于郡国地方政府代表中央管辖；另一部分 属于少府等中央机构直接管辖。授田制是两汉基本的土地制度，授田由地方政 府执行，授田后土地归私人所有，可以转让、继承和买卖。之后本文探讨了汉 代小农制、租佃制、雇佣制、奴隶制不同的经济组织。先从土地制度和经济秩 序的研究入手，论证商鞅变法是大共同体与个人结合，瓦解了小共同体。指出 秦始皇统一六国后秦朝的土地制度与经济秩序与秦国时并不完全相同。授田制 是汉代的基本土地制度，权贵集团享有土地赋税方面的特权。汉代小农之间生 产要素的自由交易有效的保障了小农的生产效率。小农家庭收入的多渠道化， 使小农得以维持家庭的生计和参加社交性活动，并保障人口的再生产。汉代小 农与商品经济的关系密切。本文以土地出租者或可能的出租者分类考察汉代的 租佃制，指出汉代租佃制并不发达，地租应为定额租而且基本为级差地租。汉 代的雇佣可分为逐利性和求生型两类，农业中的雇佣多是短期性，很难维持一 家人的生计，但是与租佃制与奴隶制相比较，汉代的雇佣较为普遍和发达。汉 代的奴隶制可分为家庭内小生产型与大土地经营型两类，后者与商品经济的关 系相关联。 关键词：土地制度小农租佃雇佣奴隶 AbstractA Abstract A bstract This paper is to research the land system in the Han Dynasty anew when all of land belonged to central government and run by both the central government and the local governments．Giving land system is the basic land system in the Han Dynasty． The land which belonged to the local govemments Was awarded people．After awarded，the land became private property and can be transferred，inherited as well as traded．This article is to discuss several economic organizations which consist of petty farmers，the tenancy,the employment，and the slavery in the Han Dynasty．To start with the land system and economic order’S research，this paper proved that the Shang Yang political reform has disintegrated the small community by the large community combined with individual．Pointed out after Chin Shihuang unifies Six Countries Qin dynasty Was different from Qin Kingdom in the land system as well as the economic order．Giving land system is the basis of economic system in Han Dynasty,but the powerful official group enjoys the privilege in the land system and payment of taxes．Because of free transaction and the exchange of element of production in Han Dynasty,production efficiency of the petty farmers had been ensured．And the income Was multi·channel；the petty farmers can maintain their family livelihood，attend the sociality activity and ensure the reproduction of the population．The petty farmers and the commodity econ