10情态动词与虚拟语气.docVIP

PAGE 131 83 - 10．情态动词基本用法 意 义 ? not + have done can / could (be able to) (能力)能、能够 (客观可能性）可能 (许可=may）可以 请求(=may) Can /Could I…? Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not.) 惊奇、怀疑、不相信 “原本可能…〔但并非如此〕” 用于否定,疑问句中,表对过去怀疑、不肯定的推测 “不可能” may /might (许可) 能、可以 (祈使句中)祝愿 请求、允许 May / Might I …? Yes, you may. (No, you mustn’t.) 表对过去的推测,“可能” must (主观)必须、必要 Must I …? Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t / don’t have to.) 表对过去的推测,“一定” 反意问句 … , didn’t / haven’t …? shall (二、三人称表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁) (一、三人称)征求意见 should 表推断性推断，劝告,建议命令 = ought to “应该会。。。；一定。。。吧” 条件句中，“万一。。。的话”，“即使。。。也。。。“ 表过去应该做而实际上未做到“本该” will 意志、愿望、决心 请求、建议 (二、三人称)对已完成的动作/事态的推测 would 过去反复发生的动作、习惯、料想、猜测；意愿 用于虚拟语气 dare 疑问、否定句中 敢于 need 需要、必须 Need …?Yes, … must. (No, …needn’t.) +not表本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事 ought to (主观、外界的规则/义务)应该 (同used to) 表过去应该做而实际上未做到 used to 过去的习惯而现在已不存在 Used …to do…? Did … use to do …? Yes, used to. Yes,…did. No,…usedn’t to. No, … didn’t. have to (客观)必须 Do … have to do …? Yes, … have to. (No, … don’t have to / needn’t.) be to 预定，义务，可能，命运 would rather 宁愿 Would… rather (not) do? had better 最好 Had …better (not) do? PAGE 84 - 11.虚拟语气 句 型 谓 语 动 词 形 式 从 句 主 句 含If 条 件 状语 从句 过 去 had + done would should could + have done might 如果省略if, 则条件从句要 倒装。 现 在 did (were) would should could + do might 将 来 did/were were to + do should + do would should could + do might so that, in order that 目的状语从句 may might + do should × 错综时间条件句 同if条件句从句 同if条件句的主句 otherwise / or (else) 同if条件句主句 × But for / Without 含蓄条件句 + n. ph. 同if条件句的主句 It’s time 定语从句 would rather宾语从句 would mind did × wish 宾语从句 同if条件句从句 × 名词性从句 (should) + do 见附表 If only 虚拟条件句 同if条件句从句 被省略 要是。。。就好了 表示祝愿的句子 × do may + do 表示委婉客气 × Would Should Could + S. + do ? Might 表示对过去动作推测 × Can Could(not)+have done ? may might + have done must 与过去事实相反 × should ought to would + have done needn’t lest in case for fear that 状语从句 suppose / supposing 同if条件句 × PAGE PAGE 8