论家庭与社会保障互补女性两种就业方式与人的发展选择.docx

论家庭与社会保障互补:女性两种就业 方式与人的发展选择 江波 华南师范大学经济与管理学院 摘要： 女性因性别比较优势和生理特点而决定了其较多分担家庭劳动并在社会市场化 劳动中的参与率低于男性，尽管中国的女性劳动参与率与世界相比不低，但作 为一个社会群体而存在的生存、发展状态，会因就业差界而产生相对弱势状态依 然十分明显，角色紧张导致的顾此失彼使女性在职场的就业绩效并不令人满意， 作为家庭劳动部分的价值则往往容易因为缺乏合适的评价机制而被低估。有意识 地提出家庭保障机制作为被社会公共政策所承认的制度安排，通过政策和法律 体系的规范对这一部分非正式就业的价值予以肯定，不仅有利于认识女性就业 方式的特殊性，也有利于为女性在其人的发展之经济基础上构建起必要的制度。 关键词： 家庭保障与社会保障;女性就业;人的发展选择; 作者简介：江波（1959-），男，江西丰城人，华南师范大学经济与管理学院教 授，研究方向:产业经济学、人的发展经济学。 Comp1ementary Mechanism Between Family and Social Security:Two Kinds of Employment of the Female and Choice of Human Development Jiang Bo School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University; Abstract： Due to the gender comparative advantage and physiological characteristics, the female take more share in the family labor and their labor participation rate in the market is 1ower than the male. Chinese female labor force participation rate is not low. However, the female still have a relatively weak state in their survival and developmcnt due to the differences in employment. The tension of the female in the workplace make their job performance is not in satisfactory, and as a part of the family labor, the females value is often being underestimated. We have to put forward family safeguard mechanism as the institutional arrangement of social public policy, through this mechanism to give the female confirmation on their the informal labor value in the family. In this way, we can not only conducive to understand the special nature of the female employment, but also conducive to etablish the necessary system for the female in economic dcvclopment on the basis of the human dcvclopment. Keyword： fam订y security and social security; female employment; choice of human development; 女性在就业的选择中，始终比男性多一个两难选择，家庭优先还是职场优先?虽 然不少城镇女性受教育程度与男性趋于同等化，出现类似于男性的职场优先的 就业倾向选择，但是由于女性在传统社会习俗的期望中被定位于“主内”，婚 后的女性即使与丈夫一同追求职场的就业效率和事业的成功，也会存在既顶着 社会女强人乂把不贤淑的帽子戴在头上的双重压力。劳动生产率在产业技术不够 发达的约束下，社会职场的劳动绩效和收益偏低，使得进入职场的女性在和丈 夫一同支撑家庭开支的同时，又不得不陷入双重角色紧张的尴尬Z屮。设计出能 够将女性家庭劳动价值合理评估的思想观念和法律体系