2017年高考英语一轮复习第一部分基础知识聚焦专题突破解题策略6阅读理解之写作目及观点态度题.pptVIP

写作意图题与观点态度题也是阅读理解中常见的题目，且难度较大，它主要考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度，考生是否能在掌握主旨大意的情况下了解作者写作目的是什么。分析掌握作者的写作目的也是准确把握文章主题的功能之一。近几年高考题中这两种类型的题目呈现上升趋势，考生不能忽略它们的比重。 1.写作意图类 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。 [典例1]　(2015·浙江高考C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the suns light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet its the only way to explain what weve done to the night: Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light. The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected. In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost. Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁