毕业论文-纳米二氧化硅的制备与应用.doc

PAGE 本科毕业论文 （20 届） 纳米二氧化硅的制备与应用 专业：高分子材料与工程 纳米二氧化硅的制备与应用 摘 要：本文利用溶胶凝胶法，合成单分散纳米二氧化硅微球，并且探讨了温度、氨水浓度以及TEOS浓度等因素对合成的二氧化硅的结构与性能的影响。并将合成的二氧化硅与低密度聚乙烯混炼注塑成型以制备复合材料，利用红外光谱、透射电镜对合成的二氧化硅的结构进行了表征，利用电子应力拉伸仪对复合材料的拉伸强度进行了表征。结果表明：水解温度的升高加速二氧化硅颗粒在溶液中的熟化引起团聚；氨水浓度的增加使得成核速度增加，水解速度加剧，二氧化硅的粒径增大，团聚程度也增大。TEOS的量的增加也导致二氧化硅粒径稍有增加，团聚程度加深。纳米二氧化硅的含量在0.8%时，复合材料的拉伸强度最好；当纳米二氧化硅的含量低于0.8%时，复合材料的拉伸强度随纳米二氧化硅的含量增加而提高，含量超过0.8%时，其拉伸强度随纳米二氧化硅含量的增加而下降。 关键词：单分散； 纳米SiO2 ；低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）；复合材料；拉伸强度 Preparation and application of nano-silica Abstract：In this paper, monodisperse nano-silica spheres were synthesized by sol-gel method. The influence of temperature, the concentration of ammonia and of TEOS on the structure and properties of silicon dioxide synthesized was investigated. The synthetic silica was mixed with low density polyethylene by injection molding to prepare the composites. The structure of the synthesized silica were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the mechanical properties of composite materials were characterized by tensile stress electronic instruments. The results showed that the hydrolysis temperature accelerated the ripening of silica particles in solution, and then caused reunion; with the ammonia concentration increasing the nucleation rate, the hydrolysis rate and the silica particle size increased, then the degree of aggregation increased. Increase in the amount of TEOS has also led to a slight increase in silica particle size, and a deeper level of aggregation. The mechanical properties of the composite performance got the best when the nano-silica content reach 0.8% by the test of injection molding products. As the nano-silica content less than 0.8% , the mechanical properties of composite materials improved with nano-silica content increasing , when the nano-silica content of more than 0.8%, the mechanical performance of composite materials decreased with nano-silica content increasing. Keywords: Monodisperse; Nano-SiO2; Low-density; pol