硅氧烷的微乳液聚合及其与苯乙烯的纳米复合-材料学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本文以环硅氧烷——八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)的O／W型微乳液为反应介质， 通过D。在酸性催化剂下的开环聚合，制备了分散相尺寸在纳米级的透明或半透 明的有机硅微乳液。并以有机硅微乳为种子乳液，与苯乙烯进行种子乳液聚合， 合成并表征了具有核～壳结构的纳米复合乳液。 首先，以卜二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)或十二：烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂， 以正丁醇、正戊醇、证己醇、正辛醇为助乳化剂，制备了D4的微乳液。利用相 图考察了不同乳化剂与助乳化剂复配体系的组成、比例及用量对微乳体系相行为 的影响，通过比较相图中微乳区域大小，得到了形成微乳液的乳化剂与助乳化剂 的最佳配比和相应微乳液的最优组成。 其次，以Da的微乳液为反应介质进行聚合，制备有机硅聚合物微乳液。考 察了不同环硅氧烷微乳液的组成对制备有机硅微乳液的影响，探讨了环硅氧烷微 乳液聚合的成核机理，研究了聚合温度、乳化剂／助乳化剂的质量比及聚合物的 官能团改性对聚合动力学，聚合物分子量，聚合物乳胶粒的粒径及粒径分布的影 响。用红外光谱表征了官能改性前后聚合物的结构。 再以低固含量的有机硅微乳液为种子进行D。的种子乳液聚合，提高了有机 硅微乳液中有机硅的含量，制备了不同有机硅含量的聚合物微乳液和微胶乳，研 究了有机硅含量的增加对粒径和分子量的影响。制各的有机硅微乳液稳定性优 异，克服了常规乳液易漂油的缺点。 最后，以硅烷偶联剂改性的有机硅微乳液为种子乳液，制备了有机硅与苯乙 烯的纳米复合乳液。用透射电镜(TEM)表征了复合乳胶粒的形态，红外光谱(IR) 和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)表征了共聚物的结构。结果证实得到了具有核壳结 构的接枝共聚纳米复合乳液。 关键词：有机硅，微乳液，微乳液聚合，成核机理，种子乳液聚合，核壳结 构，纳米复合 ABSTRSACTA ABSTRSACT A transparent or translucent polysiloxane microemulsion of nanometer droplet size was produced by acid--catalyzed ring-·opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4)in all O／W microemulsion reaction medium．’lhc synthesized polysiloxane microemulsion was then used to prepare nanocomposite latex with Styrene(St)to form latex particle of core—shell structure by seeded emulsion polymerization． First，microemulsion of D4 was formed with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)or dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid(DBSA)as the emulsifier and butanol，pentanol， hexanol or octanol as the CO—emulsifier respectively．The influence of composite emulsifiers of different kinds，their mass ratio and dosage on the phase behavior of the studied system were investigated and the optimal mass ratio of emulsifier．-to--coemulsifier and the optimal composition of D4 microemulsion were obtained through phase diagram studies． Second，the microemulsions of D4 with different compositions were polymerized to produce polysiloxane microemulsions The mechanism of nucleation for D4 ring-opening polymerization was discussed and the effects of polymerization temperature，emulsifier-to-coemulsifier mass ratio and polysiloxane functional modification on