含铜和含锌溶液的吸附泡沫分离技术的研究-化学工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要泡沫吸附分离技术是近儿卜f：来发展较快的新分离技术之。本 摘要 泡沫吸附分离技术是近儿卜f：来发展较快的新分离技术之。本 文以表面化学、配位化学及化：【：传递原理为指导，对泡沫吸附分离和 浓缩溶液中有价金属离子铜、锌的过程进行了研究和探索。 粟崩；E交实验设÷ff，|对泡沫吸附分，蠢锕、锌离子历用约刁；周性质 和类型表面活性剂进行了筛选，发现阴离子表面活性剂有较好的分离 效果，其中又以十二烷基硫酸钠的效果最佳。用吊环法测定r十二烷 基硫酸钠水溶液不同浓度与其界面张力的关系，拟合得到的回归方程 为。一0．9523 In℃～24．534 In C～8I．41 i，同时还测得其临界胶束浓 度值(CMC为6．5×10。=M)，运用吉布斯等温方程和动态法分别计算和 测定了该溶液系统的界面吸附平衡关系，结论表明：(1)动态法测定 结果基本吻合吉衣欺方程的型沦计算；(2表面活性剂分子在气一液 两相界面是以单分子层形式定向有序排列的。 对以十二二烷基硫酸钠为捕集剂的泡沫吸附分离过程的工艺参数 进行了研究，并得出本分离系统所确定的最佳工艺参数为：pH 5．0～ 6．O，气体流量lOOmk／min， 液位高度20cm．最佳表面活性剂浓度由 其临界胶束浓度和原料液浓度确定，此时B(浓缩比)可达20以|二： 同时还从理沦上推算出泡沫吸附分离铜的最佳DH值范围为5．0左右。 以化搿专递理论为基础，研究厂吸删泡沫分离过程的传质机删， 建立描述该传质过程速率的基本方程及轴向扩散连续泡沫分离塔数 学模型。结果表明涡流扩散系数(5．21×1旷5廿／s)远远大于分子扩 散系数(3．45×lO ’’illa／s)，因此溶液中有价金属离子的主体涡流传 质扩散能力远较其自身在液膜内的分子扩散能力强。 关键词：泡沫分离；表面活性剂；铜、锌离子；十二烷基硫酸钠 Abs仃actAdsorptive Abs仃act Adsorptive bubble separation is one of new rapidly developed separation techniques among the few decades．The paper studied the process of adsorptive foam separation for廿1e recovery of Zn(II)，Cu(II) in the solution by the guide of surface chemistry，coordination chemistry and chemicai transfer theory． The anion surfactant NaLS was the most e伍cient in the process and was selected as collector by orthogonal method．The interfacial tension and CMC of NaLS(CMC 6．5 X l 0。M) in the solution WaS meaSured by hanging ring test．The function relationship between interracial tensions O and NaLS concentration was：0=-0．9523 In 2C一24．534 In C．8 1．4 11．The relation of interfacial adsorption equilibrium in the solution system was respectively tested and calculated with Gibbs equation and dynamic method．The conclusion showed that f l 1 the experiment result of dynamic method with was hi2}lly in coordination with the value which from theoretical calculation．(2)nle surfactant molecule Was in arrangement ofmonomolecular layer at the gas一1iquid interface． When NaLS was used as the collector in the process．the optimal conditions were the pH of feed solution 5．0～6．0．air flow rate 1 00ml／min，the liquid