初中英语语法——定语从句.pdf

定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词， 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词 （关系代 词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which, as 。 关系副词有： when, where, why, how 。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起连接作用， 同时又可做定语从句的一个 成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that 在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that 在从句中作宾语） 2) whose 用来指人或物， （只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换），例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词， 在从句中可作主语、 宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that 在句 中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that 在句中作 宾语 ) 关系代词 that 和 which 都可以指物， that 和 Who 都可以指人，其用法区别： 不用 that 的情况： a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错 )The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c) 多用 who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. ②先行词为 those, people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③先行词为 all, anyone, ones, one 指人时 One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work. ④在 There be 句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you. ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用 who ，其二用 that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定 语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does. 2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在不定代词，如： anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little 等作先