课件：皮肤基本病理改变.ppt

20、色素增多：hyperpigmentation 基层、棘层下部、真皮上部黑素增多，见于瑞尔黑变病、Peutz-Jeghers综合征。 21、色素减退：hypopigmentation 表皮基层内黑素减少或消失，见于白癜风。 （二）真皮病变1、绒毛：villi 伸长、扭曲的真皮乳头，仅覆以单层或双层上皮细胞，并伸向水疱、大疱与腔隙内。 见于天疱疮、类天疱疮、家族性良性天疱疮、毛囊角化病。 2、境界带：grenz zone 真皮病变与表皮之间的狭窄正常胶原带。 见于淋巴细胞浸润症、皮肤良性淋巴细胞增殖性瘤样病变、瘤型麻风。 3、均质化：homogenization 真皮胶原纤维束肿胀并融合成均一的无定形物。 见于硬化性萎缩性苔癣。 4、嗜碱性变性 真皮乳头层结缔组织无结构性、颗粒性、嗜碱性变，其中可见不规则卷曲纤维。 多见于曝光部位、弹力纤维假黄瘤。 5、粘液变性 6、淀粉样变性 7、肉芽肿 环状肉芽肿 8、纤维化与硬化 （三）皮下脂肪组织病变1、脂膜炎 结节性红斑：脂肪间隔性脂膜炎 结节性动脉炎：动脉炎并全小叶脂肪脂膜炎 2、脂膜病 皮下脂肪组织坏死为主的病变。 新生儿脂肪坏死，新生儿硬肿病。 3、脂质肉芽肿 （四）血管病变 1、动脉病变 2、静脉病变 3、毛细血管病变 4、混合性血管病变 谢谢！ THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 10、萎缩：Atrophy. 皮肤减少或变薄，可局限于表皮或真皮，或二者兼有。 (A). 表皮萎缩epidermal atrophy (B). 表皮真皮均萎缩变薄。 真皮萎缩时真皮乳头层或网状层变薄，皮肤下陷。 皮下脂肪组织萎缩也致皮肤下陷，皮纹消失，皮肤变薄，表面起皱纹。 11、溃疡：Ulcer. An ulcer, shown in (A), is the hole or defect that remains after an area of epidermis and at least part of the dermis have been destroyed or removed. Because the dermis is involved, ulcers heal with scarring. The clinical photograph (B) shows a gigantic ulcer with a red, granulating base and well-defined, punched-out borders. 12、疤痕：Scar. A scar is the fibrous tissue replacement that develops as a consequence of healing at the site of a prior ulcer or wound. A scar may be hypertrophic (A) or atrophic (B), as shown in the drawing (A). A typical clinical example of a hypertrophic scar is shown in the photograph (B). 13、脱屑：Desquamation. Abnormal shedding or accumulation of stratum corneum in perceptible flakes is called scaling and is shown in the drawing (A). Parakeratotic（角化不全） scale (with retained nuclei) may be seen surmounting psoriasiform epidermal hyperplasia (A，银屑病样表皮增生). Densely adherent scale with a gritty feel from a localized increase in the stratum corneum is seen in actinic keratoses (B，光化性角化症). Typical psoriatic scaling is shown in the photograph (B). Scales that adhere tightly to the underlying epidermis may build up to form an asbestos-like layer that obscures the underlying lesion, as in the psoriatic plaque （银屑病