几种鲤科鱼游泳能力研究及竖缝式鱼道模拟与评价-水利工程专业论文.docxVIP

三 三 峡 大 学 全 日 制 专 业 学 位 硕 士 学 位 论 文 万方数据 万方数据 过度运动后耗氧量(excess post exercise oxygen consumption， EPOC)为 115.22 mg/kg。 岩原鲤在两次间隔 30 min 的Ucrit 测定的恢复率(Ucrit-2 /Ucrit-1 )为 0.89±0.03，岩原鲤具 有较好的游泳能力以及恢复能力，与其洄游特性相适应。在测定Ucrit-1 和Ucrit-2 过程中 2 的 耗 氧 量 与 流 速 的 关 系 的 拟 合 方 程 分别 为 MO2 ??320.15 ??33.63U (R 2 =0.956) ， MO2 ??295.54 ??33.44U (R =0.978)。高流速时，测定Ucrit-2 时的耗氧量较高，运动疲 劳会影响鱼类游泳呼吸的能力。 6.模拟了三种竖缝式鱼道池室内的水力特征。比较发现异侧竖缝式断面的流速分 布虽然和同侧竖缝式和两侧竖缝式鱼道一样，左右两侧均存在相应的低流速区，异侧 竖缝式鱼道流速区的存在更为丰富的流场分布，能够为幼鱼或游泳能力较弱的鱼类提 供上溯通道。由此可知异侧竖缝式鱼道具有更好的过鱼效果。 关键词：鲤科鱼 游泳能力 竖缝式鱼道 评价 耗氧量 III Abstract Connectivity of rivers is generally blocked because of the construction of dams. The life histories of migratory and semi-migratory fish are greatly changed, which was not only leading to the decrease of fish populations, but also due to the extinction of fish stocks section. The plight which fish faced can be eased by reasonable and effective fishway design at a certain extent. Fishway also provides an exchange of species swim up and down the channel. However, different fish with different characteristics can cause the proper untilization of fishway. Therefore the study of different fish swimming characteristics will only provide the data bases for the successful fishway design. In this paper, the studies about swimming characteristics of five carps were conducted by two patent equipments from our research group (ZL201020136105.7 and ZL201320093505.8). Hydraulic characteristics were simulated in three kinds of vertical slot fishway using Fluent 6.3. The paper contains the followings. Swimming ability and metabolism of silver carp were studied at 15 0C, 18 0C, 21 crit0C, 25 0C. The results have indicated that critical swimming speed (U ) was increasi crit along with the temperature (T, 0C). And fitting equation is:  Ucrit ??3.073 ??0.149T (R2 = 0.983, P 0.005). It is illustrated that the swimming ability of silver carp was enhanced with the temperature rises. Four speeds index were: 1.41, 1.31,